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- Ekberg, K, et al.
(författare)
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Amelioration of sensory nerve dysfunction by C-Peptide in patients with type 1 diabetes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 52:2, s. 536-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated that proinsulin C-peptide stimulates the activities of Na+,K+-ATPase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, both of which are enzyme systems of importance for nerve function and known to be deficient in type 1 diabetes. The aim of this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was to investigate whether C-peptide replacement improves nerve function in patients with type 1 diabetes. Forty-nine patients without symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were randomized to either 3 months of treatment with C-peptide (600 nmol/24 h, four doses s.c.) or placebo. Forty-six patients (15 women and 31 men, aged 29 years, diabetes duration 10 years, and HbA1c 7.0%) completed the study. Neurological and neurophysiological measurements were performed before and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. At baseline the patients showed reduced nerve conduction velocities in the sural nerve (sensory nerve conduction velocity [SCV]: 50.9 ± 0.70 vs. 54.2 ± 1.2 m/s, P < 0.05) and peroneal nerve (motor nerve conduction velocity: 45.7 ± 0.55 vs. 53.5 ± 1.1 m/s, P < 0.001) compared with age-, height-, and sex-matched control subjects. In the C-peptide treated group there was a significant improvement in SCV amounting to 2.7 ± 0.85 m/s (P < 0.05 compared with placebo) after 3 months of treatment, representing 80% correction of the initial reduction in SCV. The change in SCV was accompanied by an improvement in vibration perception in the patients receiving C-peptide (P < 0.05 compared with placebo), whereas no significant change was detectable in cold or heat perception. In conclusion, C-peptide administered for 3 months as replacement therapy to patients with early signs of diabetic neuropathy ameliorates nerve dysfunction.
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- Gard, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of the transition to a client-centred team organization in administrative surveying work
- 2002
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Ingår i: Behaviour & Information Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-929X .- 1362-3001. ; 21:2, s. 105-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new work organization was introduced in administrative surveying work in Sweden during 1998. The new work organization implied a transition to a client-centred team-based organization and required a change in competence from specialist to generalist knowledge as well as a transition to a new information technology, implying a greater integration within the company. The aim of this study was to follow the surveyors for two years from the start of the transition and investigate how perceived consequences of the transition, job, organizational factors, well-being and effectiveness measures changed between 1998 and 2000. The Teamwork Profile and QPS Nordic questionnaire were used. The 205 surveyors who participated in all three study phases constituted the study group. The result showed that surveyors who perceived that they were working as generalists rated the improvements in job and organizational factors significantly higher than those who perceived that they were not yet generalists. Improvements were noted in 2000 in quality of service to clients, time available to handle a case and effectiveness of teamwork in a transfer to a team-based work organization group, cohesion and continuous improvement practices-for example, learning by doing, mentoring and guided delegation-were important to improve the social effectiveness of group work.
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- Gard, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of transition to an integrated IT technology in surveying work
- 2002
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Ingår i: Behaviour & Information Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-929X .- 1362-3001. ; 21:4, s. 281-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An integrated IT technology, characterized by a change in information support from a strong specialization towards greater integration has been introduced within the surveying company in Sweden. The aim of this study is to compare and describe effects of the transition to this new information technology in relation to job and organizational characteristics and effectiveness and well-being measures between 1998 and 2000. The results show that a positive attitude to the new IT system increased from 1998 to 2000. The transition to a new IT technology had negative consequences on job content and job control in 1999 but improvements could be seen in 2000. Co-operation with clients and service quality to clients improved each year from 1998 to 2000. Generally, a positive attitude to IT integration was related to high continuous improvement practices, goal clarity and job, control in all three phases. However, the relations were reduced in 1999.
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- Gromada, J, et al.
(författare)
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Nateglinide, but not repaglinide, stimulates growth hormone release in rat pituitary cells by inhibition of K+ channels and stimulation of cyclic AMP-dependent exocytosis
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1479-683X .- 0804-4643. ; 147:1, s. 133-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: GH causes insulin resistance, impairs glycemic control and increases the risk of vascular diabetic complications. Sulphonylureas stimulate GH secretion and this study was undertaken to investigate the possible stimulatory effect of repaglinide and nateglinide, two novel oral glucose regulators, on critical steps of the stimulus-secretion coupling in single rat somatotrophs. Methods: Patch-clamp techniques were used to record whole-cell ATP-sensitive K+ (K-ATP) and delayed outward K+ currents, membrane potential and Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. GH release was measured from perifused rat somatotrophs. Results: Both nateglinide and repaglinide dose-dependently suppressed K-ATP channel activity with half-maximal inhibition being observed at 413 nM and 13 nM respectively. Both compounds induced action potential firing in the somatotrophs irrespective of whether GH-releasing hormone was present or not. The stimulation of electrical activity by nateglinide, but not repaglinide, was associated with an increased mean duration of the action potentials. The latter effect correlated with a reduction of the delayed outward K+ current, which accounts for action potential repolarization. The latter effect had a K-d of 19 muM but was limited to 38% inhibition. When applied at concentrations similar to those required to block K-ATP channels, nateglinide in addition potentiated Ca2+-evoked exocytosis 3.3-fold (K-d = 3 muM) and stimulated GH release 4.5-fold. The latter effect was not shared by repaglinide. The stimulation of exocytosis by nateglinide was mimicked by cAMP and antagonized by the protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-cAMPS. Conclusion: Nateglinide stimulates GH release by inhibition of plasma membrane K+ channels, elevation of cytoplasmic cAMP levels and stimulation of Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. By contrast, the effect of repaglinide was confined to inhibition of the K-ATP channels.
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