| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 2. |
- Feng, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Lycopene suppresses LPS-induced NO and IL-6 production by inhibiting the activation of ERK, p38MAPK, and NF-kappa B in macrophages
- 2010
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Ingår i: Inflammation Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-908X .- 1023-3830. ; 59:2, s. 115-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lycopene has antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects with molecular mechanisms not fully identified. We investigated the effects of lycopene on the inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells and the signal transduction pathways involved. Lycopene inhibited LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with decreased mRNAs of inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-6 but had no effect on TNF-alpha. Further study showed that lycopene also inhibited LPS-induced I kappa B phosphorylation, I kappa B degradation, and NF-kappa B translocation. Moreover, lycopene blocked the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase but not c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. To confirm the causal link between MAP kinase inhibition and its anti-inflammatory effects, we treated the cells with SB 203580 and U0126. These inhibitors significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO and IL-6 formation. Lycopene inhibits the inflammatory response of RAW 264.7 cells to LPS through inhibiting ERK/p38 MAP kinase and the NF-kappa B pathway.
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| 3. |
- Hua, Kuo-Tai, et al.
(författare)
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N-α-acetyltransferase 10 protein suppresses cancer cell metastasis by binding PIX proteins and inhibiting Cdc42/Rac1 activity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer Cell. - : Cell Press. - 1535-6108 .- 1878-3686. ; 19:2, s. 218-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- N-α-acetyltransferase 10 protein, Naa10p, is an N-acetyltransferase known to be involved in cell cycle control. We found that Naa10p was expressed lower in varieties of malignancies with lymph node metastasis compared with non-lymph node metastasis. Higher Naa10p expression correlates the survival of lung cancer patients. Naa10p significantly suppressed migration, tumor growth, and metastasis independent of its enzymatic activity. Instead, Naa10p binds to the GIT-binding domain of PIX, thereby preventing the formation of the GIT-PIX-Paxillin complex, resulting in reduced intrinsic Cdc42/Rac1 activity and decreased cell migration. Forced expression of PIX in Naa10-transfected tumor cells restored the migration and metastasis ability. We suggest that Naa10p functions as a tumor metastasis suppressor by disrupting the migratory complex, PIX-GIT- Paxillin, in cancer cells.
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| 4. |
- Hwang, Ai-Wen, et al.
(författare)
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Linkage of ICF-CY codes with environmental factors in studies of developmental outcomes of infants and toddlers with or at risk for motor delays
- 2014
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 36:2, s. 89-104
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Environmental variables have been explored in studies of the development of young children with motor delays. Linking environmental variables to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health – Children and Youth (ICF-CY), environmental factors (EFs) categories can provide a common language for documenting their contribution to developmental outcomes. This review of studies aimed to (1) link EFs for developmental outcomes in infants with or at risk for motor delays to ICF-CY categories and (2) synthesize the influences of EFs (with ICF-CY linkage) on developmental outcomes.Method: A systematic literature search was performed of multiple databases. After applying selection criteria, environmental variables in 28 articles were linked to ICF-CY categories and underwent qualitative synthesis.Results: Results indicated that physical environmental variables could be linked successfully to ICF-CY EFs categories, but not social environmental variables. Multiple environmental variables were associated with motor and other developmental outcomes.Conclusion: Difficulties in linking social factors to ICF-CY categories indicate that additional EFs codes may need to be considered in the ICF-CY revision processes. The review provides empirical data on relationships between EFs and developmental outcomes in children with or at risk for motor delay.
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| 5. |
- Tang, Ting-Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired thymic export and apoptosis contribute to regulatory T-cell defects in patients with chronic heart failure.
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203 .- 1932-6203. ; 6:9, s. e24272-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal studies suggest that regulatory T (T(reg)) cells play a beneficial role in ventricular remodeling and our previous data have demonstrated defects of T(reg) cells in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the mechanisms behind T(reg-)cell defects remained unknown. We here sought to elucidate the mechanism of T(reg-)cell defects in CHF patients.
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| 6. |
- Wu, Xiao-Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Coupled Hydraulic and Kalman Filter Model for Real-Time Correction of Flood Forecast in the Three Gorges Interzone of Yangtze River, China
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of hydrologic engineering. - 1084-0699 .- 1943-5584. ; 18:11, s. 1416-1425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Three Gorges Project along the Yangtze River in China, as one of the biggest hydropower-complex projects in the world, plays a significant role in the economic development of the area even of the whole nation. An accurate and reliable flood forecast modeling system is of significant importance for flood control, flood warning, and operation of larger reservoirs. Kalman filter coupling with hydrological models or hydraulic models is one of the efficient methods to adjust real-time flood series for reducing errors from model structure, input data, and calibrated parameters. However, the coupling model is time consuming in computation because the state vectors in this kind of Kalman filter including both water stage and discharge are solved simultaneously. In this study, an alternative coupling method was developed, which separates system state equations and measurement equations allowing the water stage and discharge to be computed alternately. The new method was applied for real-time flood forecasting in the Three Gorges interzone of Yangtze River. The hydraulic model is calibrated and verified against the observed flood stage and discharge before and during Three Gorges Dam construction periods. Study results demonstrate that the new model is efficient in real-time flood forecasting. A comparative study shows that the newly developed approach outperforms the conventional methods in terms of modeling efficiency, root mean square error, as well as the forecasting errors in the maximum water stage and peak flow.
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| 7. |
- Zang, Xiao-Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Pivotal factors interfering in 24-hour blood pressure fluctuation and arterial stiffness in a community of Chinese elderly hypertensive patients
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 22:3/4, s. 379-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives: To explore which sociodemographic and clinical factors could interfere in the parameters of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and determine the affecting factors of Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index.Background: Although the clinical relevance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index have been studied, the explanation of their role and related interfering factors remains controversial in patients with different disease or age, etc.Design: Cross-sectional study.Methods: The study was carried out between October 2008–October 2009. A convenience sample of hypertensive patients over 60 years old was recruited in China. Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was carried out on the non-dominant arm using an oscillometric device.Results: (1) All 95 patients completed the study and their ages ranged from 60–76 years. (2) There were statistical differences for certain parameters of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring between different characteristics of patients. Financial status was an important factor interfering in patients’ BP fluctuation, especially daytime and 24 hours systolic pressure. The higher body mass index the patients had, the higher the pressure was. (3) Multiple variants logistic analysis of Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index showed statistical differences only in coefficient variation of 24-hour diastolic pressure and daytime systolic blood pressure.Conclusions: There are more factors that interfered with systolic pressure and diastolic pressure during the day than nigh. Patients who have less nocturnal dipping may have a higher night time systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. The coefficient of variation of 24 hours diastolic pressure and daytime systolic pressure contribute more to Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index which should arouse practitioners’ attention.Relevance to clinical practice: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring should be used as a routine procedure, as well as Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index calculated for older hypertensive patients. The findings may be used to guide community health providers to pay more attention to the factors that may influence BP fluctuation and Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index according to individual’s characteristics.
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| 8. |
- Zou, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Lycopene suppresses proinflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages by inhibiting ROS-induced trafficking of TLR4 to lipid raft-like domains
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4847 .- 0955-2863. ; 24:6, s. 1117-1122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We recently showed that lycopene inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced productions of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in murine RAW264.7 macrophages by mechanisms related to inhibition of ERK and nuclear factor-kappa B. Since the assembly of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in lipid rafts is a key element in LPS induced signaling, we investigated whether this process would be influenced by lycopene. We found that pretreatment of RAW264.7 cells with lycopene inhibited LPS-induced recruitment of TLR4 into fractions - enriched with lipid raft marker. By the methods of immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, we also found that lycopene inhibited the subsequent formation of the complex of TLR4 with its adaptors including myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 and TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-beta. We also found that the lycopene induced inhibition was associated with reduced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was an upstream mechanism for the effects of lycopene, because treating the cells with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine and NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride significantly inhibited LPS-induced recruitment of TLR4 into lipid raft-like domains as well as the production of proinflammatory molecule NO and IL-6. Thus, our findings suggest that lycopene may prevent LPS-induced TLR4 assembly into lipid rafts through reducing intracellular ROS level. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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