| 1. |
- Linninge, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Probiotic therapy to men with incipient arteriosclerosis initiates increased bacterial diversity in colon: A randomized controlled trial.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 208, s. 228-233
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to clarify the microbial change in the intestinal microbiota in patients, with cardiovascular disease, consuming a drink with high numbers of live Lactobacillus plantarum. METHODS: Sixteen males, with atherosclerotic plaque on the carotid wall, were randomly selected from a larger cohort and included in this double blind, placebo controlled study. Colonic biopsies, taken before and after four weeks of probiotic treatment, were analysed with Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, including digestion with MspI and HaeIII. Microbial diversity was calculated, short-chain fatty acids in faeces, and blood markers were analysed. RESULTS: Consumption of one probiotic strain of L. plantarum (DSM 9843) increased intestinal microbial diversity. The probiotic group had an increased diversity after consumption of the probiotic drink compared to the change in the placebo group when Shannon and Weaner diversity index (MspI and HaeIII, p=0.026) and Simpson index of diversity (MspI, p=0.044 and HaeIII, p=0.026) were calculated. The fermentation pattern of short-chain fatty acids in faeces were unaffected for most acids, but the probiotic group had decreased concentration of isovaleric acid (p=0.006) and valeric acid (p=0.029). Viable count of lactobacilli increased in the probiotic group (p=0.001), but no significant changes in blood markers were observed. CONCLUSION: Administration of a single-strain probiotic increases the bacterial diversity in the gut, and affects the concentration of some short-chain fatty acids. Consumption of the single strain L. plantarum DSM 9843 might be a strategy to favour a diverse intestinal microbiota, which is beneficial for the host.
|
|
| 2. |
- Berger, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Cereal Byproducts Have Prebiotic Potential in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 62:32, s. 8169-8178
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barley husks, rye bran, and a fiber residue from oat milk production were processed by heat pretreatment, various separation steps, and treatment with an endoxylanase in order to improve the prebiotic potential of these cereal byproducts. Metabolic functions were intended to improve along with improved microbial activity. The products obtained were included in a high-fat mouse diet so that all diets contained 5% dietary fiber. In addition, high-fat and low-fat controls as well as partially hydrolyzed guar gum were included in the study. The soluble fiber product obtained from rye bran caused a significant increase in the bifidobacteria (log copies of 16S rRNA genes; median (25−75 percentile): 6.38 (6.04−6.66) and 7.47 (7.30−7.74), respectively; p < 0.001) in parallel with a tendency of increased production of propionic acid and indications of improved metabolic function compared with high-fat fed control mice. The oat-derived product caused an increase in the pool of cecal propionic (from 0.62 ± 0.12 to 0.94 ± 0.08) and butyric acid (from 0.38 ± 0.04 to 0.60 ± 0.04) compared with the high-fat control, and it caused a significant increase in lactobacilli (log copies of 16S rRNA genes; median (25−75 percentile): 6.83 (6.65−7.53) and 8.04 (7.86−8.33), respectively; p < 0.01) in the cecal mucosa. However, no changes in measured metabolic parameters were observed by either oat or barley products.
|
|
| 3. |
- Fåk, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of a high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation are modulated by E. coli in rat offspring
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 36:5, s. 744-751
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Microbial manipulations in early life can affect gut development and inflammatory status of the neonate. The maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation also influences the health of the offspring, but the impact of maternal high-fat (HF) feeding along with modulations of the gut microbiota on body weight, fat deposition and gut function in the offspring has been poorly studied. Methods: Rat dams were given access to either an HF or a standard low-fat diet during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy and during lactation and effects on body weight and gastrointestinal function were investigated in the 14-day-old offspring. To elucidate whether bacterial administration to the dam could modulate any effects of the diets in the rat pups, another group of dams were given Escherichia coli in their drinking water. Results: Maternal HF feeding resulted in increased body and fat pad weights in the offspring, along with increased levels of the acute-phase protein, haptoglobin and decreased protein content and disaccharidase activities in the small intestine. The addition of E. coli further accentuated these responses in the young rats, which, in addition to higher body weights and increased fat deposition, also showed an increased intestinal permeability and elevated levels of haptoglobin. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates for the first time how bacterial administration to the maternal diet during the neonatal period can affect body weight and fat deposition in the offspring. The results point to a mechanistic link between the gut microbiota, increased intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxemia, which appear to have led to increased adiposity in the young rats. International Journal of Obesity (2012) 36, 744-751; doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.118; published online 5 July 2011
|
|
| 4. |
- Linninge, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects on weight gain and gut microbiota in rats given bacterial supplements and a high-energy-dense diet from fetal life through to 6 months of age
- 2011
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 106:6, s. 887-895
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effects of a high-energy dense diet, supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) or Escherichia coli (Ec) on weight gain, fattening and the gut microbiota in rats. Since the mother’s dietary habits can influence offspring physiology, the dietary regimes started with the dams at pregnancy and through lactation, and continued with the offspring for six months. The weight gain of group Lp was lower than for groups C (control) and Ec (P=0•086). More retroperitoneal adipose tissue (P=0•030) and higher plasma leptin (P=0•035) were seen in group Ec compared to group Lp. The viable count of Enterobacteriaceae was higher in group Ec than in group Lp (P=0•019) and when all animals were compared, Enterobacteriaceae correlated positively with body weight (r=0•428, P=0•029). Bacterial diversity was lower in group Ec than in groups C (P=<0•05) and Lp (P=<0•05). Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia dominated in all groups, but Bacteroidetes were more prevalent in group C than in groups Lp (P=0•036) and Ec (P=0•056). The same five bacterial families dominated the microbiota of groups Ec and C, and four of these were also present in group Lp. The other five families dominating in group Lp were not found in any of the other groups. Multivariate data analysis pointed in the same directions as the univariate statistics. Our results suggest that supplementation of L. plantarum or E. coli can have long-term effects on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, as well as on weight gain and fattening.
|
|
| 5. |
- Linninge, Caroline
(författare)
-
The Gut Bacterial Flora - Focus on Early Life and Physiological Traits
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The gastrointestinal tract of the foetus is considered sterile but during vaginal birth the neonate comes into contact with bacteria from the maternal vaginal and intestinal microbiota. The main focus of this doctoral thesis was to elucidate the initial bacterial ecosystem in newborns and to relate microbial perturbations to physiological traits. The bacterial flora was mainly studied with molecular-genetic methods. When the microbiota was assessed in one-week-old infants, reduced faecal bacterial diversity was found in infants developing atopic eczema at the age of 18 months compared to those infants not developing eczema. To further elucidate the pioneer microbiota, stool samples from healthy full-term vaginally-born neonates was studied. Lactobacillus was found in all newborns within 48 hours after birth. Species commonly found in the vaginal microbiota were to some extent detected among the babies. Other bacterial groups were found in varying prevalence. Interestingly, a subgroup of neonates born large for gestational age had significantly more Proteobacteria compared to neonates born appropriate for gestational age. Maternal microbiota and dietary habits are known to impact offspring physiology. Results presented in this thesis show impaired physiology in suckling rat pups to dams of the outbred Sprague-Dawley stock when these were treated with high-energy dense diet during the gestation and lactation period. Offspring body weight, adiposity, gut permeability and systemic inflammation were further accentuated if the Gram-negative Escherichia coli was given to the dams in combination with the high-energy dense feed. In a similar experimental design, the pups were monitored in a longitudinal study. E. coli exposure from foetal life until six months of age decreased the diversity of the caecal microbiota along with enhanced adiposity. In contrast, when the Gram-positive Lactobacillus plantarum was given instead of E. coli, body weight gain and fat accumulation were lower in addition to a more favourable gut microbiota, implying the prospect of effect on health homeostasis by bacterial consumption. This thesis suggests that a high load of E. coli should be avoided in pregnant mothers and in children, and treatment with L. plantarum may be a therapeutic option. However, more extensive research is needed to establish the relationship between inflammation, obesity and the bacterial flora of the gut. A general conclusion concerning the microbiota is that the intestinal ecosystem should be studied at least at the hierarchical level of genus or family, but preferably on the species level since looking at the phylum level can give superficial information.
|
|
| 6. |
- Linninge, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
The Microbiota of the Gut in Preschool Children With Normal and Excessive Body Weight
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 20:11, s. 2257-2261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the gut microbiota in preschool children with and without overweight and obesity. Twenty overweight or obese children and twenty children with body mass index within the normal range (age: 4-5 years) were recruited from the south of Sweden. The gut microbiota was accessed by quantitative polymerase chain reactions and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and calprotectin was measured in faeces. Liver enzymes were quantified in obese/overweight children. The concentration of the Gram-negative family Enterobacteriaceae was significantly higher in the obese/overweight children (P=0.036) while levels of Desulfovibrio and Akkermansia muciniphila-like bacteria were significantly lower in the obese/overweight children (P=0.027 and P=0.030, respectively). No significant differences were found in content of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium or the Bacteroides fragilis group. The diversity of the dominating bacterial community tended to be less diverse in the obese/overweight group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Concentration of Bifidobacterium was inversely correlated to alanine aminotransferase in obese/overweight children. The faecal levels of calprotectin did not differ between the study groups. These findings indicate that the gut microbiota differed among preschool children with obesity/overweight compared with children with body mass index within the normal range.
|
|
