| 1. |
- Broux, Ruben, et al.
(författare)
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Communication Patterns in Automotive Systems
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the last decade, electronics and software have replaced many mechanical components in vehicles at an unprecedented rate. New emerging technologies have found their way into the vehicular domain,like for instance, ADAS systems. This change brings some particular challenges with it in terms of functionalities, safety and security. Many vehicle distributed functions require hard real-time and secure communication. Therefore, the electrical and electronic (E/E architectures) architectures are in a continuously adapting trend to meet the new standards.The adaptation from a distributed to a domain-centralized architectureis already present. It is crucial to facilitate reuse of system architectural solutions in order to make system development more efficient. Therefore, we propose the use of communication architectural patterns. We present a method to map communication patterns on a certain layer ofabstraction. The method has been evaluated through several industrialuse cases. Furthermore, this work sets precedence for future research and development, as well as future applications of the method.
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| 2. |
- Gore, Rahul Nandkumar, et al.
(författare)
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Network Calculus Approach for Packet Delay Variation Analysis of Multi-Hop Wired Networks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3417. ; 12:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has revolutionized businesses by changing the way data are used to make products and services more efficient, reliable, and profitable. To achieve the improvement goals, the IIoT must guarantee the real-time performance of industrial applications such as motion control, by providing stringent quality of service (QoS) assurances for their (industrial applications) communication networks. An application or service may malfunction without adequate network QoS, resulting in potential product failures. Since an acceptable end-to-end delay and low jitter or packet delay variation (PDV) are closely related to quality of service (QoS), their impact is significant in ensuring the real-time performance of industrial applications. Although a communication network topology ensures certain jitter levels, its real-life performance is affected by dynamic traffic due to the changing number of devices, services, and applications present in the communication network. Hence, it is essential to study the jitter experienced by real-time traffic in the presence of background traffic and how it can be maintained within the limits to ensure a certain level of QoS. This paper presents a probabilistic network calculus approach that uses moment-generating functions to analyze the delay and PDV incurred by the traffic flows of interest in a wired packet switched multi-stage network. The presented work derives closed-form, end-to-end, probabilistic performance bounds for delay and PDV for several servers in series in the presence of background traffic. The PDV analysis conducted with the help of a Markovian traffic model for background traffic showed that the parameters from the background traffic significantly impact PDV and that PDV can be maintained under the limits by controlling the shape of the background traffic. For the studied configurations, the model parameters can change the PDV bound from 1 ms to 100 ms. The results indicated the possibility of using the model parameters as a shaper of the background traffic. Thus, the analysis can be beneficial in providing QoS assurances for real-time applications.
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| 3. |
- Lisova, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Communication Patterns for Evaluating Vehicular E/E Architectures
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering, ICECCME 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665470957
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The continuous innovation and advancement in vehicle software functionality has driven the evolution of its deployment platforms through several generations of vehicular Electrical and Electronic (E/E) architectures. It is a daunting task to evaluate pros and cons of allocating the new as well as legacy functionality to these architectures. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that uses communication patterns as a metric to evaluate different vehicular E/E architectures and propose a suitable allocation for the functionality. First, we present the characteristics of these patterns in vehicular systems that are derived from the state-of-the-art review, standardized vehicular software architectures, well-known onboard vehicular, communication protocols, industrial requirements and use cases. We leverage the derived communication patterns and their characteristics to propose an evaluation approach for different architectural solutions for the functionality. We utilize a use case from the vehicle industry to demonstrate the applicability and usability of the proposed approach.
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