| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Su, Changqing, et al.
(författare)
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Gene-Viral Cancer Therapy Using Dual-Regulated Oncolytic Adenovirus with Antiangiogenesis Gene for Increased Efficacy.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular Cancer Research. - 1557-3125. ; 6, s. 568-575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAD) represents a promising approach for cancer therapy. Several CRADs controlled by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter have been developed. However, because of their replicative capacity, the importance of cancer specificity for CRADs needs to be further emphasized. In this study, we have developed a novel dual-regulated CRAD, CNHK500-mE, which has its E1a and E1b gene controlled by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter and the hypoxia response element, respectively. It also carries a mouse endostatin expression cassette controlled by the cytomegalovirus promoter. These properties allow for increased cancer cell targeting specificity and decreased adverse side effects. We showed that CNHK500-mE preferentially replicated in cancer cells. Compared with a replication-defective vector carrying the same endostatin expression cassette, CNHK500-mE-mediated transgene expression level was markedly increased via viral replication within cancer cells. In the nasopharyngeal tumor xenograft model, CNHK500-mE injection resulted in antitumor efficacy at day 7 after therapy. Three weeks later, it led to significant inhibition of xenograft tumor growth due to the combined effects of viral oncolytic therapy and antiangiogenesis gene therapy. Pathologic examination showed that most cancer cells were positive for adenoviral capsid protein and for apoptotic terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling in the CNHK500-mE-treated tumor tissues, and the microvessels in these tumor tissues were diminished in quantity and abnormal in morphology. These results suggest that, as a potential cancer therapeutic agent, the CNHK500-mE is endowed with higher specificity to cancer cells and low cytotoxicity to normal cells. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(4):OF1-8).
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| 5. |
- Estrada, Karol, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association study of northwestern Europeans involves the C-type natriuretic peptide signaling pathway in the etiology of human height variation.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Human molecular genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2083 .- 0964-6906. ; 18:18, s. 3516-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Northwestern Europeans are among the tallest of human populations. The increase in body height in these people appears to have reached a plateau, suggesting the ubiquitous presence of an optimal environment in which genetic factors may have exerted a particularly strong influence on human growth. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of body height using 2.2 million markers in 10 074 individuals from three Dutch and one German population-based cohorts. Upon genotyping, the 12 most significantly height-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from this GWAS in 6912 additional individuals of Dutch and Swedish origin, a genetic variant (rs6717918) on chromosome 2q37.1 was found to be associated with height at a genome-wide significance level (P(combined) = 3.4 x 10(-9)). Notably, a second SNP (rs6718438) located approximately 450 bp away and in strong LD (r(2) = 0.77) with rs6717918 was previously found to be suggestive of a height association in 29 820 individuals of mainly northwestern European ancestry, and the over-expression of a nearby natriuretic peptide precursor type C (NPPC) gene, has been associated with overgrowth and skeletal anomalies. We also found a SNP (rs10472828) located on 5p14 near the natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (NPR3) gene, encoding a receptor of the NPPC ligand, to be associated with body height (P(combined) = 2.1 x 10(-7)). Taken together, these results suggest that variation in the C-type natriuretic peptide signaling pathway, involving the NPPC and NPR3 genes, plays an important role in determining human body height.
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| 6. |
- Fan, Jingyu, et al.
(författare)
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On the heat transfer enhancement based on micro-scale air impingingment jets with microstructure heat sink in electronics cooling
- 2006
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Ingår i: 2006 Conference on High Density Microsystem Design and Packaging and Component Failure Analysis, HDP'06; Shanghai; China; 27 June 2006 through 28 June 2006. - 9781424404889 ; , s. 120-124
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A conceptual heat transfer enhancement scheme in electronic cooling is analyzed on the basis of micro-scale impinging jet array with microstructure heat sink. The cooling performance of the micro impinging jet array is discussed and compared with that of conventional large-scale jet impingement cooling, and the pressure drop due to the induced crossflow is a vital factor for the former. The primary mechanisms by which the different types of the microstructure heat sinks affect the heat transfer rate as well as the pressure drop for the micro impinging jet array are empirically analyzed and discussed. In any case, it is necessary to make a proper compromise between the enhanced heat transfer rate and the acceptable pressure drop for the removal of high chip heat fluxes by combining the micro impinging jet array with micro-structured surface.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Fan, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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A study of fluid coolant with carbon nanotube suspension for MicroChannel coolers
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology and High Density Packaging, ICEPT-HDP 2008; Pudong, Shanghai; China; 28 July 2008 through 31 July 2008. - 9781424427406
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, silicon microchannel coolers were made using the Deep Ion Reactive Etching (DIRE) technique. Stable and homogeneous Carbon NanoTube (CNT) suspension was also prepared. Meanwhile, a closed-loop cooling test system was developed to investigate the heat removal of the silicon microchannel cooler with different coolants. The experimental setup included a test module, a minipump for providing controllable flow, and a fan system for cooling the circular fluid. Beside the inlet and outlet of the test module, two thermocouples and pressure gauges were set up to measure the temperature and pressure of the fluids. The heat removal of the silicon microchannel cooler using different CNT volume fraction of suspension coolant was studied. The results show that the microchannel cooler with CNT suspension as coolant could strengthen the heat removal capability of microchannel cooler. In addition to heat transfer enhancement, the microchannel cooler with CNT suspension coolant did not produce extra pressure drop in the present study.
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| 9. |
- Fan, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Computational Fluid Dynamics for Effects of Coolants on On-chip Cooling Capability with Carbon Nanotube Micro-fin Architectures
- 2009
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Ingår i: Microsystem Technologies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0946-7076 .- 1432-1858. ; 15:3, s. 375-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown a broad promising application in high mechanical strength and electronic structure. In this work, the effects of coolants on heat transfer capability of on-chip cooling with CNTs Micro-fin Architectures was studied, and the two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been done for a series of material parameters of coolants in this paper. The influences of thermal conductivity, density, specific heat and viscosity on cooling have been obtained in the case studies. The results demonstrate that pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the cooling device is dependent on coolant's density and viscosity. Consequently, it will be necessary to find out a good balance between heat transfer capability and pressure drop. The simulation results also indicate that the heat sink capability will be better if there are more fin rows in the microchannel.
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