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- Jang, Seon-Kyeong, et al.
(författare)
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Rare genetic variants explain missing heritability in smoking.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature human behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 6:11, s. 1577-1586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common genetic variants explain less variation in complex phenotypes than inferred from family-based studies, and there is a debate on the source of this 'missing heritability'. We investigated the contribution of rare genetic variants to tobacco use with whole-genome sequences from up to 26,257 unrelated individuals of European ancestries and 11,743 individuals of African ancestries. Across four smoking traits, single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based heritability ([Formula: see text]) was estimated from 0.13 to 0.28 (s.e., 0.10-0.13) in European ancestries, with 35-74% of it attributable to rare variants with minor allele frequencies between 0.01% and 1%. These heritability estimates are 1.5-4 times higher than past estimates based on common variants alone and accounted for 60% to 100% of our pedigree-based estimates of narrow-sense heritability ([Formula: see text], 0.18-0.34). In the African ancestry samples, [Formula: see text] was estimated from 0.03 to 0.33 (s.e., 0.09-0.14) across the four smoking traits. These results suggest that rare variants are important contributors to the heritability of smoking.
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| 2. |
- Liu, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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How should water resources be allocated for shale gas development? : An exploratory study in China
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 30, s. 1001-1018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water scarcity has emerged as one of the most important global challenges of the twenty-first century. With rising demand for energy, and water being a critical input in energy production, the availability of water resources has put energy sustainable production under growing strain. While unconventional natural gas (especially shale gas) is seen as an important bridge for promoting the transition of energy system from high to low carbon, water availability is a significant constraint on the development of energy resources owing to the massive quantity of water used by the hydraulic fracturing. Against this background, our study aims to optimize the allocation of regionally scarce water resources for fostering integrated economic, social, and environmental growth in shale gas development plays. In light of the uncertainty inherent in the water supply management system for shale gas development, this work employed the Interval Two-stage Stochastic Programming (ITSP) to establish an optimal allocation model for water resources between wells jointly dispatched by surface water, underground water and reused water. The model predicted water scarcity, optimal water allocation, and the total benefit of the shale gas development water supply system under various scenarios. Furthermore, when compared to the Twostage Stochastic Programming (TSP) model results, it was found that the ITSP model's interval value may present decision makers with more ideas and options than the TSP model. In addition, since the ITSP model is oblivious to the system risk issue, it incorporated robust optimization into the original ITSP model to build the Interval Two-stage Robust Stochastic Programming (ITRSP) model. Our findings were expressed as intervals that more accurately represent the actual optimal allocation of water resources, which also provided a broader decision-making space for decision makers in managing shale gas development water supply management schemes. (c) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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