| 1. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(author)
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The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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| 2. |
- Lan, Ting, et al.
(author)
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Extensive functional diversification of the Populus glutathione S-transferase supergene family
- 2009
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In: The Plant Cell. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 21:12, s. 3749-3766
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Identifying how genes and their functions evolve after duplication is central to understanding gene family radiation. In this study, we systematically examined the functional diversification of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family in Populus trichocarpa by integrating phylogeny, expression, substrate specificity, and enzyme kinetic data. GSTs are ubiquitous proteins in plants that play important roles in stress tolerance and detoxification metabolism. Genome annotation identified 81 GST genes in Populus that were divided into eight classes with distinct divergence in their evolutionary rate, gene structure, expression responses to abiotic stressors, and enzymatic properties of encoded proteins. In addition, when all the functional parameters were examined, clear divergence was observed within tandem clusters and between paralogous gene pairs, suggesting that subfunctionalization has taken place among duplicate genes. The two domains of GST proteins appear to have evolved under differential selective pressures. The C-terminal domain seems to have been subject to more relaxed functional constraints or divergent directional selection, which may have allowed rapid changes in substrate specificity, affinity, and activity, while maintaining the primary function of the enzyme. Our findings shed light on mechanisms that facilitate the retention of duplicate genes, which can result in a large gene family with a broad substrate spectrum and a wide range of reactivity toward different substrates.
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| 3. |
- Si, Shubin, et al.
(author)
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Operational competitiveness research of chinese high-tech international manufacturing company in global context
- 2008
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In: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781424426294 - 9781424426300 - 9781424426294 ; , s. 1915-1919
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a thorough case study and analysis aiming at studying operational competitiveness of Chinese high-tech international manufacturing company (CHTIMC). In this paper, some models are applied: (1)analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is used to analyze questionnaires, which are got from the case CHTIMC, of multi-focused manufacturing strategies; (2)the analytical models, which can calculate the ranking of companyￜￜs operational competitiveness in prospector, analyzer and defender groups, are used to find more competitive advantages of CHTIMC;(3) benchmarking between CHTIMC and top companies of prospector and defender is applied to determine the operational competitiveness of CHTIMC further. The analysis results show CHTIMC is more dominant in prospector group; and prove the analytical models of operational competitiveness are effective.
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