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- Huang, Yu-Hsing, et al.
(författare)
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MTO Factors Contributing to Road Accidents at Intersections
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Cognitive System Engineering in Process Control. ; , s. 166-173
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At present, workin road traffic safety is expanding from injury prevention toinclude also accident prevention. For accident preventive measuresto be effective, knowledge is needed about common causal factorsthat contribute to the occurrence of accidents. This paper aimstowards identification of such common factors for a specific subsetof all road accidents, namely intersection accidents. The data usedfor the study consists of in-depth investigation material fromsixteen intersection accidents that have been investigated by amulti-disciplinary accident investigation team. Data analysis wasperformed using DREAM, a MTO based accident investigation method.The results indicate that cognitive bias, hidden information,inadequate design of traffic environment, and competing task arecommon contributing factors of intersection accidents. Also, thedistribution of factors for different collision path scenarios wasstudied, and several patterns in the distribution were discovered.These patterns were then compared to the results of another studywith a similar aim, but based on database statistics rather thatin-depth data. The conclusion of the comparison is that the DREAMmethod, in combination with in-depth accident data, provides adeeper and more detailed insight into how and why different factorscontribute to accidents, and these insights are well suited foraccident preventive work.
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- Ljung Aust, Mikael, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Close Calls on the Road : A Study of Drivers’ Near-misses
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Psychology.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Joining a longstanding tradition in the field of industrial accident prevention, traffic accident research has begun to extend the study of accidents and serious incidents to include also near-misses and unsafe conditions. As part of a Swedish project called FICA (FactorsInfluencing the Causation of Incidents and Accidents), a study has been conducted to investigate near-misses, with the aim of clarifying different types and frequencies, as well as possible causes at the blunt and sharp end. The near-miss study made use of an analysis method called Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method. The purpose of the method is to uncover the main socio-technical MTO factors involved in scenarios leading to traffic accidents. The study resulted in valuable understanding of near-misses in traffic and their aetiology, suggestions for improvements of the analysis method, and a basis for further,more extensive, near-miss studies.
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- Sandin, Jesper, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Crash investigations for active safety: Meeting new demands on investigation methodology
- 2004
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Ingår i: 1: st International Conference on ESAR - Expert Symposium of Accident Research, Hannover, Germany, September.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Active safety systems are aimed at accident prevention, hence the knowledge required for their development is different from that required for passive safety systems aimed at injury prevention. Particularly, knowledge about accident causation is required. When looking at existing accident causation data, it is argued it fails to explain in sufficient detail how and why the accidents occur. Therefore, there is a need for detailed micro-level descriptions of accident causation mechanisms, and also of methodologies suitable for creating such descriptions. One study addressing these needs is the Swedish project FICA (Factors Influencing the Causation of Accidents and incidents), where an accident investigation methodology suitable for active safety is developed, and in-depth accident investigations following this methodology are carried out on-scene in the area of Gothenburg by a multidisciplinary team. A preliminary aggregated analysis of different cases show that the methodology developed is adequate for pointing out common contributing factors and devising principal countermeasures.
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