| 1. |
- Holmén, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusions
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Technological Change and Industrial Transformation. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9780429423550 - 9781138390034 ; , s. 232-244
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chapter 12, “Conclusions”, conceptualizes industrial transformation as consisting of qualitative changes in the structure of inter-firm activities and relations. The authors stress that industrial transformation consists of uncertain endogenous processes of qualitative state changes, limiting the role of increasing returns. However, uncertainty can be managed or reduced by increasing control. By distinguishing the book’s chapters into research, design and development (RD&D), production and distribution, the authors show how digitalization increases control and becomes a powerful driver of industrial transformation. The authors compare the seminal work of Allyn Young (1928) to explain how demand changes, digitalization and industrial transformation coevolve cumulatively.
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| 2. |
- Long, Vicky, et al.
(författare)
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Immaterialrätten i den digitala eran - svenska dataspelsbranschen som exempel
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Stockholm. - 0345-2646. ; 48:2, s. 32-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionellt betraktas immaterialrätten såsom patent ofta som en ineffektiv metod för att internalisera värdet av investeringar i forskning och utveckling (FoU) jämfört med andra metoder så som hemlighållande, snabbhet, reglering av anställningskontrakt och tekniska lösningar. Vår nyligen genomförda studie på den svenska dataspelsbranschen – där digital distribuering dominerar – visar dock en ökning av immaterialrättens betydelse i sådana företag. Immaterialrättens signalfunktion, där exempelvis varumärken används som ett sätt att visa ursprung av nya produkter och signalera kvalitet, blir viktigare då en exponentiell tillväxt av produkter och service skapar en rädsla för att försvinna i den snabbt ökande mängden digitala produkter.
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| 3. |
- Long, Vicky, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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What do we know about industrial transformation?
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Technological Change and Industrial Transformation. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9780429423550 - 9781138390034 ; , s. 16-46, s. 16-46
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter summarizes what is known about industrial transformation, with a focus on the role of technology and technological change in the transformation process. First, it argues that Industrial transformation is about changes, followed by a brief review on (a) key historical accounts of industrial transformation, for example, from Karl Marx, Alfred Marshall and recently Paul David and Nathan Rosenberg; and (b) three key complementary thematic approaches to industrial transformation: the evolutionary economics perspective, the institutional economics-influenced system perspective and management studies. While the evolutionary economics school acknowledges the cumulative and path-dependent nature of technological change and industrial transformation, the system approach argues that actors, institutions and knowledge are interlinked nodes coevolving along the transformation. Management studies highlight conjunction points (in transformation) between firm-level elements such as resources, capabilities and strategies and meso-level elements such as product/technology life cycles and appropriability. The chapter also briefly reviews literature that is directly relevant to digitalization and sustainable transformation.
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| 4. |
- Long, Vicky, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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What prevents machine learning from transforming industries?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Technological Change and Industrial Transformation. - London : Taylor & Francis. ; , s. 125-140, s. 125-140
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The industrial utilization of machine learning (ML) technology is still in its infancy. This chapter provides empirical insights on how ML has been deployed in three firms and which forces are at work in this transformation. It is clear that two complementary advancements are needed to make ML generally useful: while ML technology thrives on access to big and varied datasets, the first advance is a reduction in the laborious work of manually cleaning, sorting and labelling the data, which defines how knowledge creation, technology and organization are interrelated. The second advance is to find sensible collaborative modes of data access and sharing, which challenges the very boundaries and interdependence of firms since the value of data for training ML algorithms depends on access to others’ data.
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| 5. |
- Long, Vicky, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Why this book?
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Technological Change and Industrial Transformation. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9780429423550 - 9781138390034 ; , s. 1-15
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter provides an overview of the nature of industrial transformation and motivates the book. The authors argue that while industrial transformation as a phenomenon is not new, the main driving forces of the transformation change, and so do the characteristics of the transformation. Two “novel” phenomena and challenges – digitalization and sustainability – have been observed for a long time but how they affect industrial activities has hitherto mostly been discussed in a rather separate manner. This chapter argues that if these urgent and prevailing challenges are ever to be met and reconciled, a coherent understanding of industrial transformation is needed. This chapter presents stylized facts related to digitalization and sustainability and discusses what these facts imply for industrial transformation. The objective of this phenomenon-oriented book is to shed light on the causes, processes and outcomes of industry transformation in the context of dealing with digitalization and sustainability. There is a particular focus on the role of technology and technological change in the transformation process. A roadmap of the book is provided at the end of the chapter.
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| 6. |
- Nowaczyk, Sławomir, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Smaller is smarter : A case for small to medium-sized smart cities
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Smart Cities and Society. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 2772-3577 .- 2772-3585. ; 1:2, s. 95-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart Cities have been around as a concept for quite some time. However, most examples of Smart Cities (SCs) originate from megacities (MCs), despite the fact that most people live in Small and Medium-sized Cities (SMCs). This paper addresses the contextual setting for smart cities from the perspective of such small and medium-sized cities. It starts with an overview of the current trends in the research and development of SCs, highlighting the current bias and the challenges it brings. We follow with a few concrete examples of projects which introduced some form of “smartness” in the small and medium cities context, explaining what influence said context had and what specific effects did it lead to. Building on those experiences, we summarise the current understanding of Smart Cities, with a focus on its multi-faceted (e.g., smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment and smart living) nature; we describe mainstream publications and highlight the bias towards large and very large cities (sometimes even subconscious); give examples of (often implicit) assumptions deriving from this bias; finally, we define the need of contextualising SCs also for small and medium-sized cities. The aim of this paper is to establish and strengthen the discourse on the need for SMCs perspective in Smart Cities literature. We hope to provide an initial formulation of the problem, mainly focusing on the unique needs and the specific requirements. We expect that the three example cases describing the effects of applying new solutions and studying SC on small and medium-sized cities, together with the lessons learnt from these experiences, will encourage more research to consider SMCs perspective. To this end, the current paper aims to justify the need for this under-studied perspective, as well as to propose interesting challenges faced by SMCs that can serve as initial directions of such research.
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| 7. |
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Technological Change and Industrial Transformation
- 2021. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial transformation is a research and teaching field with a focus on the phenomenon and mechanisms of industrial development and renewal. It concerns changes in economic activities caused by innovation, competition and collaboration, and has a rich heritage of evolutionary economics, institutional economics, industrial dynamics, technology history and innovation studies. It borrows concepts and models from the social sciences (sociology, history, political sciences, business/management, economics, behavioural sciences) and also from technology and engineering studies. In this book, the authors present the key theories, frameworks and concepts of industrial transformation and use empirical cases to describe and explain the causes, processes and outcomes of transformation in the context of digitalization and sustainability. They stress that industrial transformation consists both of Darwinian "survival of the fittest" selection, and of intentional pursuits of innovation, and of industrial capabilities creation. The work argues that managing the global trends of transformation is not only about new technology and innovation: existing institutional settings and dynamic interactions between technological change, organizational adaptation and economic activities also have a profound impact on future trajectories. The areas under investigation are of great relevance for strategic management decisions and industrial and technology policies, and understanding the mechanisms underlying transformation and sustainable growth. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Vicky Long and Magnus Holmén; individual chapters, the contributors.
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