| 1. |
- De Leo, D, et al.
(författare)
-
Attempted and completed suicide in older subjects : results from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study of Suicidal Behaviour.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0885-6230 .- 1099-1166. ; 16:3, s. 300-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stockholm (Sweden), Pontoise (France) and Oxford (UK) had the highest suicide attempts rates. In most centres, the majority of elderly who attempted suicide were widow(er)s, often living alone, who used predominantly voluntary drug ingestion. Non-fatal suicidal behaviour decreased with increasing age, whereas suicide rates rose. The ratio between fatal and non-fatal behaviours was 1:2, that for males/females almost 1:1. In the years considered, substantial stability in suicide and attempted suicide rates was observed. As their age increased, suicidal subjects displayed only a limited tendency to repeat self-destructive acts. Moreover, there was little correlation between attempted suicide and suicide rates, which carries different clinical implications for non-fatal suicidal behaviour in the elderly compared with younger subjects in the same WHO/EURO study.
|
|
| 2. |
- Henriksson, F, et al.
(författare)
-
Direct medical costs for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 248, s. 387-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To estimate the total direct medical costs to society for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden and to investigate how different factors, for example diabetic late complications, affect costs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data regarding health care utilization, clinical characteristics and quality of life, were collected at a single time-point. Data on resource use cover the 6-month period prior to this time point. SETTING: Patient recruitment and data collection were performed in nine primary care centres in three main regions in Sweden. SUBJECTS: Only patients with an age at diabetes diagnosis >/= 30 years (type 2 diabetes) were included (n = 777). RESULTS: The total annual direct medical costs for the Swedish diabetes type 2 population were estimated at about 7 billion SEK (Swedish Kronor) in 1998 prices, which is about 6% of the total health care expenditures and more than four times higher than the former Swedish estimate obtained when using diabetes as main diagnosis for calculating costs. The annual per patient cost was about 25 000 SEK. The largest share of this cost was hospital inpatient care. Costs increased with diabetes duration and were higher for patients treated with insulin compared to those treated with oral hypoglycaemic drugs or with life style modification only. Patients with both macro- and microvascular complications had more than three times higher costs compared with patients without such complications. CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetes is a serious and expensive disease and the key to reducing costs seems to be intensive management and control in order to prevent and delay the associated late complications.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Artlich, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Single breath analysis of endogenous nitric oxide in the newborn
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Biology of the neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 0006-3126. ; 79:1, s. 21-26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitric oxide (NO) is found in the exhaled gas of humans immediately after birth. However, variations of endogenous NO concentration during the breathing cycle have not been studied in newborns. We examined 24 newborns without acute respiratory compromise during spontaneous nasal breathing. Gas was sampled from the tip of a thin nasal catheter placed in the hypopharynx. Endogenous NO concentrations measured by chemiluminescence were assigned to the breathing cycle using synchronized CO<sub>2</sub> recording. Exhaled NO could reproducibly be measured at 1.9 ± 0.2 parts per billion (ppb, mean ± SEM). Autoinhaled nasal NO peaks during regular breathing were 12.0 ± 1.7 ppb and reached intermittent maxima of 52.2 ± 5.8 ppb. During regular breathing 6 infants exhibited sudden decreases of nasal NO peaks to periods with <50% amplitude suggesting transient shortage of autoinhaled nasal NO. We conclude that tidal NO analysis can be used to assess upper and lower airway NO production noninvasively during spontaneous breathing in the newborn.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
