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- Björck, S., et al.
(author)
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An event stratigraphy for the Last Termination in the North Atlantic region based on the Greenland Ice-core record: a proposal by the INTIMATE group.
- 1998
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In: Journal of Quaternary Science. - 0267-8179 .- 1099-1417. ; 13:4, s. 283-292
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is suggested that the GRIP Greenland ice-core should constitute the stratotype for the Last Termination. Based on the oxygen isotope signal in that core, a new event stratigraphy spanning the time interval from ca. 22.0 to 11.5 k GRIP yr BP (ca. 19.0-10.0 k C-14 yr BP) is proposed for the North Atlantic region. This covers the period from the Last Glacial Maximum, through Termination 1 of the deep-ocean record, to the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary, and encompasses the Last Glacial Late-glacial of the traditional northwest European stratigraphy. The isotopic record for this period is divided into two stadial episodes, Greenland Stadials 1 (GS-1) and 2 (GS-2), and two interstadial events, Greenland Interstadials 1 (GI-1) and 2 (GI-2). In addition, GI-1 and GS-2 are further subdivided into shorter episodes. The event stratigraphy is equally applicable to ice-core, marine and terrestrial records and is considered to be a more appropriate classificatory scheme than the terrestrially based radiocarbon-dated chronostratigraphy that has been used hitherto.
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- Witte, H.J.L., et al.
(author)
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Regression coefficients of thermal gradients in northwestern Europe during the last glacial-Holocene transition using beetle MCR data.
- 1998
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In: Journal of Quaternary Science. - 0267-8179 .- 1099-1417. ; 13:5, s. 435-445
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Palaeotemperature estimates obtained from 74 sites in northern Europe, and collectively spanning approximately the last 45 000 yr (radiocarbon time-scale), have been compiled as a major component of the EPECC project. The data presented here have been obtained using the mutual climatic range (MCR) method based on beetle assemblage data. The sites range across a transect from Ireland in the west to Poland and Finland in the east. Thermal gradients have been derived from the data using multiple linear regression. The regression models were solved for each of a series of 'time windows'. Each interval has a separate time-dependant trend, which was removed by detrending before solving the regression equations. The robustness and confidence intervals of the regression coefficients were estimated using the bootstrap method, with samples being selected from the data set by Monte Carlo simulation. The resulting palaeotemperature gradients were compared with modern temperature gradients over Europe. The data suggest that there were significant changes in the steepness of latitudinal temperature gradients over northern Europe during the past 45000 yr, although most attention in our compilations is focused on the last glacial-Holocene transition, the period for which the most abundant data are available so far. A significant delay in warming at the end of the last glacial stage in the northern part of the study area, by comparison with the southern sector, is also inferred. Reasons for these temporal and geographical variations and their possible palaeoclimatic implications are discussed.
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- Coope, G.R., et al.
(author)
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Temperature gradients in northern Europe during the last glacial-Holocene transition (14-9 14C kyr BP) interpreted from coleopteran assemblages.
- 1998
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In: Journal of Quaternary Science. - 0267-8179 .- 1099-1417. ; 13:5, s. 419-433
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Late-glacial and early Holocene climatic conditions have been reconstructed for northern Europe using the mutual climatic range (MCR) palaeoclimate method based on fossil coleopteran assemblages. Altogether, beetle faunas from 77 sites have been analysed ranging from Ireland in the west to Poland and Finland in the east, and MCR estimates calculated. The results are plotted on 16 maps, each representative of a selected time-slice covering the period from 14.5 C-14 kyr BP to 9.0 C-14 kyr BP. Eight of the maps show the MCR estimates of T-max (mean temperature of the warmest month) derived from each site for which data are available, while the remainder show estimated T-max isotherms interpolated from these values. It can be demonstrated that at times the thermal climate was fairly uniform throughout the study area, whereas at others temperature gradients were much steeper than they are in the region today. There also appears to be a distinct contrast between cold periods, when contours trended NW-SE, and warmer periods, when contours trend W-E or even NE-SW. The pattern of climatic changes that emerges is shown to be very different from the traditional view that has been used up to now as a template for classifying Late-glacial climatic events on a wide, even global, scale. The suddenness and intensity of changes in the thermal climate may have been partially responsible for an apparent lack of equilibrium between the flora and fauna of the time and the physical environment in which they lived.
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- Kemeny, J, et al.
(author)
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Schools of comparative housing research: From convergence to divergence
- 1998
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In: HOUSING STUDIES. - : CARFAX PUBL CO. - 0267-3037. ; 13:2, s. 161-176
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Comparative housing research has become a major field of investigation in the last two decades, and it is now possible to discern distinct approaches. In this paper we present an overview of the literature, distinguishing between three dominant perspecti
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