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- Creamer, Lawrence K, et al.
(författare)
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Heat-Induced Redistribution of Disulfide Bonds in Milk Proteins. 1. Bovine beta-Lactoglobulin
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 52:25, s. 7660-7668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the structure and chemistry of -lactoglobulin (-LG) play an important role in the processing and functionality of milk products. In model -LG systems, there is evidence that the aggregates of heated -LG are held together by a mixture of intermolecular non-covalent association and heat-induced non-native disulfide bonds. Although a number of non-native disulfide bonds have been identified, little is known about the initial inter- and intramolecular disulfide bond rearrangements that occur as a result of heating. These interchange reactions were explored by examining the products of heat treatment to determine the novel disulfide bonds that form in the heated -LG aggregates. The native protein and heat-induced aggregates were hydrolyzed by trypsin, and the resulting peptides, before and after reduction with dithiothreitol, were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and their identities confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Comparisons of these peptide patterns showed that some of the Cys160 was in the reduced form in heated -LG aggregates, indicating that the Cys160-Cys66 disulfide bond had been broken during heating. This finding suggests that disulfide bond interchange reactions between -LG non-native monomers, or polymers, and other proteins could occur largely via Cys160.
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- D'Agostino, D, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased postnatal survival and altered body weight regulation in procolipase-deficient mice
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 277:9, s. 7170-7177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In vitro, pancreatic triglyceride lipase requires colipase to restore activity in the presence of inhibitors, like bile acids. Presumably, colipase performs the same function in vivo, but little data supports that notion. Other studies suggest that colipase or its proform, procolipase, may have additional functions in appetite regulation or in fat digestion during the newborn period when pancreatic triglyceride lipase is not expressed. To identify the physiological role of procolipase, we created a mouse model of procolipase deficiency. The Clps(-/-) mice appeared normal at birth, but unexpectedly 60% died within the first 2 weeks of life. The survivors had fat malabsorption as newborns and as adults, but only when fed a high fat diet. On a low fat diet, the Clps(-/-) mice did not have steatorrhea. The Clps(-/-) pups had impaired weight gain and weighed 30% less than Clps(+/+) or Clps(+/-) littermates. After weaning, the Clps(-/-) mice had normal rate of weight gain, but they maintained a reduced body weight compared with normal littermates even on a low fat diet. Despite the reduced body weight, the Clps(-/-) mice had a normal body temperature. To maintain their weight gain in the presence of steatorrhea, the Clps(-/-) mice had hyperphagia on a high fat diet. Clps(-/-) mice had normal intake on a low fat diet. We conclude that, in addition to its critical role in fat digestion, procolipase has essential functions in postnatal development and in regulating body weight set point.
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- Diligent, O, et al.
(författare)
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The low-frequency reflection and scattering of the S0 Lamb mode from a circular through-thickness hole in a plate: Finite Element, analytical and experimental studies
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1520-8524 .- 0001-4966. ; 112:6, s. 2589-2601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study of the interaction of the S0 Lamb wave with a circular through-thickness hole in a plate is presented. The study is limited to the nondispersive frequency range of this wave, in which the distributions of stress and displacement are simple. This allows a Finite Element analysis to be undertaken using a two-dimensional membrane discretization. Predictions of the direct reflection of the S0 mode and the lateral scattering of the SH0 mode are made for a range of diameters of the hole. At the same time, an analytical solution based on modal superposition is developed, and this is also used to predict the reflection and scattering coefficients. Both sets of predictions are validated by experimental measurements. It is found that the trends of the reflection coefficients for different hole diameters, frequencies and distances from the hole satisfy a simple normalization. On a detailed scale, the functions exhibit undulations which are shown to result from the interference of the direct reflection with secondary reflections which arrive slightly later.
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- Graham, J, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic effects on age-dependent onset and islet cell autoantibody markers in type 1 diabetes
- 2002
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 51:5, s. 1346-1355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age-dependent associations between type 1 diabetes risk genes HLA, INS VNTR, and CTLA-4 and autoantibodies to GAD65 (GADAs), ICA512/IA-2, insulin, and islet cells were determined by logistic regression analysis in 971 incident patients with type 1 diabetes and 702 control subjects aged 0–34 years. GADAs were associated with HLA-DQ2 in young but not in older patients (P = 0.009). Autoantibodies to insulin were negatively associated with age (P < 0.0001) but positively associated with DQ8 (P = 0.03) and with INS VNTR (P = 0.04), supporting possible immune tolerance induction. ICA512/IA-2 were negatively associated with age (P < 0.0001) and with DQ2 (P < 0.0001) but positively associated with DQ8 (P = 0.04). Males were more likely than females to be negative for GADA (P < 0.0001), autoantibodies to islet cells (P = 0.04), and all four autoantibody markers (P = 0.004). The CTLA-4 3′ end microsatellite marker was not associated with any of the autoantibodies. We conclude that age and genetic factors such as HLA-DQ and INS VNTR need to be combined with islet autoantibody markers when evaluating the risk for type 1 diabetes development.
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- John Lowe, J., et al.
(författare)
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Inter-regional correlation of palaeoclimatic records for the last Glacial-Interglacial Transition : A protocol for improved precision recommended by the INTIMATE project group
- 2001
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - 0277-3791. ; 20:11, s. 1175-1187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The remit of the INTIMATE project of the INQUA Palaeoclimate Commission is to synthesise marine, terrestrial and ice-core data for the North Atlantic region during the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition (LGIT: ca 13-1014C kyr BP; ca 15-11.5 ice-core kyr BP). A major problem, however, is the difficulty of effecting correlations at a temporal resolution that are adequate for defining 'leads' and 'lags' between the polar ice, terrestrial, marine, and atmospheric realms. The limitations of the dating and correlation methods currently employed are summarised, and new quality assurance protocols are proposed. These include recommendations on the contextual information that should accompany radiocarbon dates, procedures for radiocarbon calibration, the use of an event-stratigraphic approach in inter-regional correlations, and the more widespread use of time-parallel marker horizons (based on tephra layers, oxygen isotope stratigraphy, palaeomagnetic stratigraphy, and radiocarbon 'wiggle-matching') to underpin the geochronology and correlation of events during the LGIT. These protocols will be adopted by the INTIMATE project in future international, collaborative research and are recommended to other groups working on this important time period.
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- Jones, Richard W., et al.
(författare)
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A framework for intelligent medical diagnosis using the theory of evidence
- 2002
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Ingår i: Knowledge-Based Systems. - 0950-7051 .- 1872-7409. ; 15:1-2, s. 77-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In designing fuzzy logic systems for fault diagnosis, problems can be encountered in the choice of symptoms to use fuzzy operators and an inability to convey the reliability of the diagnosis using just one degree of membership for the conclusion. By turning to an evidential framework, these problems can be resolved whilst still preserving a fuzzy relational model structure. The theory of evidence allows for utilisation of all available information. Relationships between sources of evidence determine appropriate combination rules. By generating belief and plausibility measures it also communicates the reliability of the diagnosis, and completeness of information. In this contribution medical diagnosis is considered using the theory of evidence, in particular the diagnosis of inadequate analgesia is considered
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