| 1. |
- Mangano, M. C., et al.
(författare)
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The aquaculture supply chain in the time of covid-19 pandemic : Vulnerability, resilience, solutions and priorities at the global scale
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 127, s. 98-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 global pandemic has had severe, unpredictable and synchronous impacts on all levels of perishable food supply chains (PFSC), across multiple sectors and spatial scales. Aquaculture plays a vital and rapidly expanding role in food security, in some cases overtaking wild caught fisheries in the production of high quality animal protein in this PFSC. We performed a rapid global assessment to evaluate the effects of the COVID19 pandemic and related emerging control measures on the aquaculture supply chain. Socio-economic effects of the pandemic were analysed by surveying the perceptions of stakeholders, who were asked to describe potential supply-side disruption, vulnerabilities and resilience patterns along the production pipeline with four main supply chain components: a) hatchery, b) production/processing, c) distribution/logistics and d) market. We also assessed different farming strategies, comparing land-vs. sea-based systems; extensive vs. intensive methods; and with and without integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, IMTA. In addition to evaluating levels and sources of economic distress, interviewees were asked to identify mitigation solutions adopted at local / internal (i.e., farm site) scales, and to express their preference on national / external scale mitigation measures among a set of a priori options. Survey responses identified the potential causes of disruption, ripple effects, sources of food insecurity, and socio-economic conflicts. They also pointed to various levels of mitigation strategies. The collated evidence represents a first baseline useful to address future disaster-driven responses, to reinforce the resilience of the sector and to facilitate the design reconstruction plans and mitigation measures, such as financial aid strategies.
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| 2. |
- Sarà, G., et al.
(författare)
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The Synergistic Impacts of Anthropogenic Stressors and COVID-19 on Aquaculture : A Current Global Perspective
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2330-8249 .- 2330-8257. ; 30:1, s. 123-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid, global spread of COVID-19, and the measures intended to limit or slow its propagation, are having major impacts on diverse sectors of society. Notably, these impacts are occurring in the context of other anthropogenic-driven threats including global climate change. Both anthropogenic stressors and the COVID-19 pandemic represent significant economic challenges to aquaculture systems across the globe, threatening the supply chain of one of the most important sources of animal protein, with potential disproportionate impacts on vulnerable communities. A web survey was conducted in 47 countries in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic to assess how aquaculture activities have been affected by the pandemic, and to explore how these impacts compare to those from climate change. A positive correlation between the effects of the two categories of drivers was detected, but analysis suggests that the pandemic and the anthropogenic stressors affect different parts of the supply chain. The immediate measurable reported losses varied with aquaculture typology (land vs. marine, and intensive vs. extensive). A comparably lower impact on farmers reporting the use of integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) methods suggests that IMTA might enhance resilience to multiple stressors by providing different market options under the COVID-19 pandemic. Results emphasize the importance of assessing detrimental effects of COVID-19 under a multiple stressor lens, focusing on areas that have already locally experienced economic loss due to anthropogenic stressors in the last decade. Holistic policies that simultaneously address other ongoing anthropogenic stressors, rather than focusing solely on the acute impacts of COVID-19, are needed to maximize the long-term resilience of the aquaculture sector.
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| 3. |
- Kazemitabar, M., et al.
(författare)
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Development and primary validation of the School Health Assessment Tool for Primary Schools (SHAT-PS)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Peerj. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. School health programs need to target all aspects of physical, psycholog-ical, and social well-being. Using a slightly modified version of the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist, we developed and conducted the first validation of the School Health Assessment Tool for Primary Schools (SHAT-PS). Method. The exploratory sequential mixed method was used in this study. In the first phase, scientific databases were systematically searched to find school health models and instruments and 65 interviews were conducted with school stakeholders. The Colaizzi's method was used to code the qualitative data into themes. Then, a pool of items was created for each theme, rechecked by psychometric experts and then validated for content (i.e., relevance, clarity, and comprehensiveness) by psychometric experts and individuals of the target population (i.e., school personnel). In the second phase, classical test theory was utilized to analyze the validity and reliability of the resulting items from phase 1 among 400 individuals working at primary schools. Results. The coding of the interviews resulted in ten themes that we labeled based on the theoretical literature: school health policies, community connections, health education, physical activity, health services, nutrition, psychological services, physical environment, equipment and facilities, and school staff's health. The items created for each theme ended up in an initial pool of 76 items. In the final stage of phase 1, 69 items remained after the content validity assessment by experts and school personnel. In phase 2, the SHAT-PS items were tested using maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Of the 69 items from phase 1, 22 items were removed due to low factor loadings. The results showed that the 8-factor model was the best solution (chi-square/df = 2.41, CFI = .98, TLI = .97, RMSEA = .06). The discriminant and convergent validity of the SHAT-PS were evaluated as satisfactory and the scale had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha for all subscales > .93). The test-retest reliability was satisfactory-the intraclass correlation coefficient pooled was .95 (99% CI [.91-.98]). Moreover, the standard error of measurement resulted in an SEM pooled equal to 4.4. No discrepancy was found between subgroups of gender and subgroups of staffs' positions at schools. Conclusion. The SHAT-PS is a valid and reliable tool that may facilitate school staff, stakeholders and researchers to evaluate the presence of the factors that promote health at primary schools. Nevertheless, in the process of validation, many of the items related to staff's health were eliminated due to poor factor loadings. Obviously, staff health is an important factor in the measurement of school health. Hence, we recommend that the validity and reliability of the SHAT-PS in other cultures should be done using the original 76-item version.
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| 4. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalensen av resiliens personlighetsprofiler bland nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor [The Prevalence of Resilience Personality Profiles among Newly Graduated Nurses]
- 2020
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Ingår i: FoU i Sverige - vad pågår?.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BAKGRUND Sjuksköterskor är ett av de yrkena med störst sjuktal i Sverige. Ca. 25% av de nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor, till exempel, blir antingen sjukskrivna eller slutar efter sitt första år i yrket. Förmodligen pga. dålig arbetsmiljö, hög arbetsbelastning och att yrket kräver att sjuksköterskan tar hand om svåra beslut och människor med olika typer av problem, samtidigt som hon/han ska ha balans i sitt eget liv. Med andra ord kräver sjuksköterskeyrket att individen har förmågan att framgångsrikt och hälsosamt anpassa sig även under utmanande omständigheter (dvs. resiliens). Utifrån ett personcentrerat perspektiv definierar Cloningers (1993, 2004) biopsykosociala modell för personlighet resiliens som en specifik personlighetskonfiguration: låg i Harm Avoidance (d.v.s. avslappnad, självsäker och optimistisk), hög i Persistence (d.v.s. flitig, uthållig och hårt arbetande), och hög i Self-Directedness (d.v.s. ansvarsfull, pålitlig, själv-accepterande, målinriktad och rådig). Men även hög Cooperativeness (d.v.s. att vara empatisk, tolerant mot andra, hjälpsam och samarbetsvillig), hög Self-Transcendence (d.v.s. att kunna uppleva flow, samhörighet, meningsfullhet och känna sig som en del av något större än en själv) och andra personlighetsdimensioner bidrar till resiliens. SYFTE Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka prevalensen av olika resiliens personlighetsprofiler (d.v.s. kombination av hög/låg Harm Avoidance, Persistence, och Self-Directedness) bland nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor i relation till deras hälsa och utbränhetsymtom och upplevelse av arbetsklimatet. METOD Ca. ett hundra trettio nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor (Målder = 26.266.40) deltog i studien i samband med att de påbörjade sitt jobb och ett introduktionsprogram vid ett sjukhus i södra Sverige. I programmet ingår utbildning kring specifika arbetsmoment och antingen en arbetsrelaterad intervention (dvs. mentorskap i grupp), en hälsorelaterad intervention (dvs. enskild välbefinnande-coaching) eller ingen extra intervention alls. Deltagarna svarade på enkäter som mäter personlighet, arbetsklimat, hälsa (livtillfredställelse, känsla av syfte och mening, utbrändhetssymtom), demografi (t.ex. kön, ålder) och arbetsnärvaro (t.ex. sjukfrånvaro, avslutat sin tjänst). Personlighet mätes med Temperament and Character Inventory (Cloninger et al., 1993), arbetsklimat med Learning Climate Questionnaire (Bartram et al., 1993), hälsa med Public Health Surveillance Well-Being Scale (Bann et al., 2012) och utbrändhet med Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach et al., 1996). Vi beräknade T-scores och percentilerna för personlighetsdragen genom att använda den svenska normdatan (Anthropedia, 2018). Sedan klustrerade vi deltagarna enligt alla åtta möjliga kombinationer av höga/låga percentiler i Harm Avoidance (H/h), Persistence (P/p), och Self-Directedness (S/s) för att kunna klustra deltagarna i de olika resiliens personlighetsprofiler. RESULTAT De olika dimensionerna av den lärande arbetsklimatet var positivt relaterade till hälsa (r mellan .26 och .49) och negativt relaterade till deras rapporterade utbrändhessymptom (dvs. emotionell utmattning: r mellan -.21 och -.61, avhumanisering: r mellan -.20 och -.30 och personlig professionellt misslyckande: r mellan -.34 och -.49). När det gäller personlighetsdimensionerna var Harm Avoidance (r = -.47) negativt relaterad till hälsa, medan Persistence (r = -.37) och Self-Directedness (r = .64) var positivt relaterade. Samma personlighetsdimensioner visade omvända relationer till utbrändhessymptom, men de personlighetsdimensioner som visade de högsta signifikanta korrelationer var Harm Avoidance (r = .46), Reward Dependence (r mellan -.31 och -.40), Self-Directedness (r mellan -.30 och -.42) och Cooperativeness (r mellan -.44 och -.45). Ca. 36% av sjuksköterskorna rapporterade nivåer av Novelty Seeking som var en standardavvikelse eller lägre än normal populationen. Ca. 30% av sjuksköterskorna rapporterade nivåer av Harm Avoidance som var en standardavvikelse eller högre än normal populationen. Ca. 45% av sjuksköterskorna rapporterade nivåer av Reward Dependence som var en standardavvikelse eller högre än normal populationen. Ca. 40 % av sjuksköterskorna rapporterade nivåer av Persistence som var en standardavvikelse eller högre än normal populationen. Ca. 57% av sjuksköterskorna rapporterade nivåer av Self-Directedness som var en standardavvikelse eller lägre än normal populationen. Vi fann även följande prevalens för resiliens personlighetsprofiler: 43,7% HPs “Perfectionistic”; 27,7% hPs “Happy-go-lucky”; 18,5% Hps “Fragile”; 3,4% hPS “Resilient”; 5.0% hps “Laid-Back”; och 1,7 HPS “Conscientious”. Följande profiler fanns inte med i detta urval av sjuksköterskor: hPS “Clever” och HpS “High-Strung”. SLUTSATS Resultaten indikerar en trolig anledning till den nuvarande höga graden av utbrändhet och avhopp från jobb bland nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor. Höga grader av oro och pessimism (hög Harm Avoidance) i samband med benägenheten att alltid vilja göra andra till lags och svårighet att säga ”nej” (hör Reward Dependence), högra grad av ihärdighet och att inte lyssna på kroppens signaler (hög Persistence), samt problem med sin självacceptans och självbild (låg Self-Directedness) ligger förmodligen till grund för både psykisk ohälsa och problem att klara av små och stora svårigheter i livet eller veta när man ska släpa taget. Till exempel, 60% hade en profil med hög risk för utbrändhet och ohälsa (d.v.s., Hps “Fragile” eller HPs “Perfectionistic”). Med andra ord, mer än hälften av de nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskorna beskrev sig själva som oroliga, pessimistiska, låga i energi (d.v.s. Harm Avoidance) och som någon som saknar syfte, med låg självacceptans (låg Self-Directedness); samtidigt som de är antingen hårt arbetande, flitiga, uthålliga och perfektionister (hög Persistence) eller lågpresterare (låg Persistence). Dessa profiler förekommer bara i ca. 30% hos den normala svenska populationen (Anthropedia, 2018). Därutöver, enbart 3,4% av de nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskorna rapporterade en hPS ”resilient” profil—jämfört med 26% i den normala svenska populationen. Av vikt är att personlig sårbarhet i form av en Hps "Fragile" eller HPs "Perfectionistic" profil kommer öka sannolikheten av ett negativt arbetsklimat (Stoyanov & Cloninger, 2011). Problemet är dock komplex och därför kommer det inte att räcka med att enbart göra arbetsmiljö insatser eller enbart ledarskapsinsatser, eftersom vi ser även en sårbarhet på individnivå. Med andra ord behöver vi försäkra oss om att skapa ett lärande arbetsklimat, samtidigt som vi ökar chefers och de nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskornas självinsikt och självacceptans, samt sänker deras stressnivåer. Eftersom det är svårt att skapa den perfekta arbetsmiljön för alla, bör målet snarare vara att ge goda förutsättningar för en lärande arbetsmiljö och att stärka de personliga hälsorelaterade förmågor i alla led så att vi skapar resiliens och välbefinnande i organisationen.
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| 5. |
- Lucchese, Riccardo, et al.
(författare)
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A control oriented pattern for plant design : the homogeneous population pattern
- 2020
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Ingår i: 21th IFAC World Congress. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 11740-11746
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider an adaptive control problem for a homogeneous population of systems that operate in close conditions. Drawing a connection to Design of Experiments (DoE), we study an extremum seeking controller that operates the population economically by either minimizing a group cost or maximizing a group utility. The controller is formalized in full detail within a dynamic setting that extends the previous treatment. The applicability and effectiveness of the strategy is commented upon and supported through different examples. We argue that this class of control systems should be addressed as a design pattern where possible in view of its capacity to enable both simple and effective online optimizing control strategies.
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| 6. |
- Nima, Ali Al, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a general subjective well-being factor using Classical Test Theory
- 2020
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2376-5992 .- 2167-8359. ; 8, s. 1-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Subjective Well-Being (SWB) is usually conceptualized in terms of an affective (i.e., judgements of biological emotional reactions and experiences) and a cognitive component (i.e., judgements of life satisfaction in relation to a psychological self-imposed ideal). Recently, researchers have suggested that judgements of harmony in life can replace or at least complement the cognitive component of SWB. Here, however, we go beyond that suggestion and propose that harmony in life should be seen as SWB’s social component since it is the sense of balance between the individual and the world around her—a process that comprises acceptance, adaptation, and balance. By adding judgements of one’s social interactions (i.e., harmony in life) to judgments of one’s life satisfaction (psycho) and judgements of one’s emotional reactions (bio), we propose a tentatively biopsychosocial model of SWB. As a first step, we used different factorial models in order to determine if both a general factor and specific sub-factors contribute to the biopsychosocial model of SWB. Method: A total of 527 participants responded to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; 20 items), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; five items), and the Harmony in life Scale (HILS; five items). We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to validate the biopsychosocial model of subjective well-being and a general factor (SWBS). Results: The 20 PANAS items reflected a mixture of general latent structure saturation and specific latent structure saturation, but contributed to their respective specific latent factor (PA: 48%; NA: 49%) more than to the general latent SWBS factor (positive affect: 25%; negative affect: 32%). The five SWLS items contributed to a larger degree to the general SWBS factor (72%) than to life satisfaction itself (22%), while the five HILS items contributed to even a larger degree to the general SWBS factor (98%) than to harmony in life (0%). The bifactor model was the best model compared with all other models we tested (χ2 = 1660.78, df =375, p < .001; Satorra Bentler χ2 =1265.80, df =375, p < .001; CFI =.92; Tucker-Lewis Index =.91; RMSEA =.067). This model of a general SWBS factor explained about 64% of the total variance in the model, while specific SWBS components together explained 15% of the total variance. Conclusion: Our study suggests SWB as a general factor in a multidimensional biopsychosocial model. Indeed, as much as 64% of the variance of SWB was explained by this general factor. The SWB components, however, contributed to a different degree to each corresponding factor in the model. For instance, while the affective and cognitive components seem to be their own constructs and also part of the general SWB factor, the social component tested here contributed 0% to its own variance but 98% to the general factor.
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