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| 2. |
- Kyle, RA, et al.
(författare)
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Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group
- 2003
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048. ; 121:5, s. 749-757
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The monoclonal gammopathies are a group of disorders associated with monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells. The characterization of specific entities is an area of difficulty in clinical practice. The International Myeloma Working Group has reviewed the criteria for diagnosis and classification with the aim of producing simple, easily used definitions based on routinely available investigations. In monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or monoclonal gammopathy, unattributed/unassociated (MG[u]), the monoclonal protein is < 30 g/l and the bone marrow clonal cells < 10% with no evidence of multiple myeloma, other B-cell proliferative disorders or amyloidosis. In asymptomatic (smouldering) myeloma the M-protein is greater than or equal to 30 g/l and/or bone marrow clonal cells greater than or equal to 10% but no related organ or tissue impairment (ROTI)(end-organ damage), which is typically manifested by increased calcium, renal insufficiency, anaemia, or bone lesions (CRAB) attributed to the plasma cell proliferative process. Symptomatic myeloma requires evidence of ROTI. Non-secretory myeloma is characterized by the absence of an M-protein in the serum and urine, bone marrow plasmacytosis and ROTI. Solitary plasmacytoma of bone, extramedullary plasmacytoma and multiple solitary plasmacytomas (+/- recurrent) are also defined as distinct entities. The use of these criteria will facilitate comparison of therapeutic trial data. Evaluation of currently available prognostic factors may allow better definition of prognosis in multiple myeloma.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Rieutord, M, et al.
(författare)
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A simulation of solar convection at supergranulation scale
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nuovo Cimento C. Colloquia on Physics. - 1124-1896. ; 25:5-6, s. 523-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here numerical simulations of surface solar convection which cover a box of 30 x 30 x 3.2 Mm(3) with a resolution of 315 x 315 x 82, which is used to investigate the dynamics of scales larger than granulation. No structure resembling supergranulation is present; possibly higher Reynolds numbers (i.e. higher numerical resolution), or magnetic fields, or greater depth are necessary. The results also show interesting aspects of granular dynamics which are briefly presented, like extensive p-mode ridges in the k-w diagram and a ringlike distribution of horizontal vorticity around granules. At large scales, the horizontal velocity is much larger than the vertical velocity and the vertical motion is dominated by p-mode oscillations.
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| 5. |
- Rieutord, M, et al.
(författare)
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Are granules good tracers of solar surface velocity fields?
- 2001
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 377, s. 14-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a numerical simulation of compressible convection with radiativetransfer mimicking the solar photosphere, we compare the velocity fieldderived from granule motions to the actual velocity field of the plasma.We thus test the idea that granules may be used to trace large-scalevelocity fields at the sun's surface. Our results show that this isindeed the case provided the scale separation is sufficient. We thusestimate that neither velocity fields at scales less than 2500 km nortime evolution at scales shorter than 0.5 hr can be faithfully describedby granules. At larger scales the granular motions correlate linearlywith the underlying fluid motions with a slope of ≲2 reachingcorrelation coefficients up to ~ 0.9.
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| 7. |
- Strömqvist, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Ryggsmartor och ischias
- 2001
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Ingår i: Läkemedelsboken. - 9185574422 ; , s. 656-656
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
- Zamocky, M., et al.
(författare)
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Ancestral gene fusion in cellobiose dehydrogenases reflects a specific evolution of GMC oxidoreductases in fungi
- 2004
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Ingår i: Gene. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1119 .- 1879-0038. ; 338:1, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellobiose dehydrogenases (CDHs) are extracellular hemoflavoenzymes that are thought to be involved in the degradation of two of the most abundant biopolymers in the biosphere, cellulose and lignin. To date, these enzymes, consisting of a cytochrome domain and a flavin domain, have been detected and sequenced exclusively in the kingdom of fungi. Independent phylogenetic analyses of two distinct domains of CDH genes reveal that they evolved in parallel as fused genes. Whereas the cytochrome domains are unique sequence motifs, the flavin domains clearly belong to the glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family-an evolution line of widespread flavoproteins extending from the Archae to higher eukaryotes. The most probable unrooted phylogenetic tree obtained from our analysis of 52 selected GMC members reveals five principal evolutionary branches: cellobiose dehydrogenase, cholesterol oxidase (COX), hydroxynitrile lyase, alcohol oxidase (AOX)/glucose oxidase (GOX)/choline dehydrogetrase, and a branch of dehydrogenases with various specificities containing also an Archaeon open reading frame (ORF). Cellobiose dehydrogenases cluster with cholesterol oxidases and the clade of various specificities, whereas hydroxynitrile lyases are closely related to glucose oxidases, alcohol oxidases, and choline dehydrogenases. The results indicate that the evolutionary line from a primordial GMC flavoprotein to extant cellobiose dehydrogenases was augmented after an early acquisition of the cytochrome domain to form two distinct branches for basidiomycetes and ascomycetes. One ascomycetous evolutionary line of CDHs has acquired a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) of type 1, the sequence of which is similar to that of corresponding domains in several glycosidases. This is the first attempt towards a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of cellobiose dehydrogenases.
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