| 2. |
- Zlotnick, Cheryl, et al.
(författare)
-
A Multi-national Collaboration: Examining the Healthcare Encounters of Migrant Nurses
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Virginia Henderson repository.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Globally, almost 13% of nurses are migrants who were educated or working outside of their birth country. Due to nursing shortages, many high-income countries are recruiting nurses from other countries. These "migrant" nurses contribute to cultural diversity and reduce staffing shortages but suffer from poorer mental and physical health status than their non-migrant peers. Compounding this disparity are research findings that migrant nurses experience obstacles obtaining healthcare for themselves. This study's research questions and hypotheses centered on the relationship between the migrant nurses' self-reported acculturation to the host country and their assessment of their healthcare encounters. Methods: This mixed-methods study contained a cross-sectional questionnaire (quantitative component) and interviews (qualitative component). With Ethics' Committee approval, data were collected by disseminating an online link via social media outlets targeting nurses in Europe, Israel and elsewhere. The online, anonymous questionnaire required about 15 minutes for completion. Bivariate and multivariable analyses included linear regression models and the use of Hayes Process model 4 macro testing mediation. At the end of the questionnaire, migrant nurse respondents were invited to participate in online interviews. The migrant nurse respondents' interviews lasted approximately one hour. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Attention to scientific rigor included measuring reliability (internal consistency) via Cronbach's alpha for all quantitative scales; and conducting peer-debriefing to assess reliability and validity of the qualitative results. Results: The quantitative sample included migrant nurses (n=73) who were mostly female, married, with graduate level education and employed full-time. Their ages averaged 41 years, and on average, they had lived in their host countries for 13 years. About a third were born in Europe, about a half in Asia including the Middle east, and the remainder were born in Africa or the Americas. Country of residence was primarily Europe. Findings from testing for mediation indicated that there was a significant indirect effect between the nursing migrants' perception of healthcare system on their health encounter assessment (b=0.01051, t=-2.2255, p=0.030) but no evidence of a direct effect between nurse acculturation and health encounter assessment (b=0.1589, t=1.0823, p=0.284). The qualitative sample consisting of narratives from migrant nurses (n=5) yielded three main thematic areas: assimilation to the culture, access to health care and healthcare encounter in the host country. Some narrative quotes support the quantitative finding of no direct effect. Conclusion: Quantitative results suggested a fully mediated model in which the relationship between migrant nurse acculturation and healthcare encounter assessment was mediated by fewer barriers to the healthcare access. Qualitative results showed that nurses who reported feeling acculturated to the host country had problematic healthcare encounters, which supported the quantitative finding that there is no direct effect (acculturation alone does not influence the healthcare encounter assessment). Since current literature suggests that many migrant nurses have unmet needs for mental and physical healthcare, it is clear that healthcare institutions employing migrant nurses need to provide them with assistance both to acculturate and to overcome barriers to obtaining healthcare.
|
|
