| 1. |
- George, Julie, et al.
(author)
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Comprehensive genomic profiles of small cell lung cancer
- 2015
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 524:7563, s. 47-U73
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have sequenced the genomes of 110 small cell lung cancers (SCLC), one of the deadliest human cancers. In nearly all the tumours analysed we found bi-allelic inactivation of TP53 and RB1, sometimes by complex genomic rearrangements. Two tumours with wild-type RB1 had evidence of chromothripsis leading to overexpression of cyclin D1 (encoded by the CCND1 gene), revealing an alternative mechanism of Rb1 deregulation. Thus, loss of the tumour suppressors TP53 and RB1 is obligatory in SCLC. We discovered somatic genomic rearrangements of TP73 that create an oncogenic version of this gene, TP73Dex2/3. In rare cases, SCLC tumours exhibited kinase gene mutations, providing a possible therapeutic opportunity for individual patients. Finally, we observed inactivating mutations in NOTCH family genes in 25% of human SCLC. Accordingly, activation of Notch signalling in a pre-clinical SCLC mouse model strikingly reduced the number of tumours and extended the survival of the mutant mice. Furthermore, neuroendocrine gene expression was abrogated by Notch activity in SCLC cells. This first comprehensive study of somatic genome alterations in SCLC uncovers several key biological processes and identifies candidate therapeutic targets in this highly lethal form of cancer.
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| 2. |
- Hansen, Michael Adsetts Edberg, et al.
(author)
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State Estimation of the Performance of Gravity Tables Using Multispectral Image Analysis
- 2017
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In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783319591285 ; 10270 LNCS, s. 471-480
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gravity tables are important machinery that separate dense(healthy) grains from lighter (low yielding varieties) aiding in improving the overall quality of seed and grain processing. This paper aims at evaluating the operating states of such tables, which is a critical criterionrequired for the design and automation of the next generation of gravity separators. We present a method capable of detecting differences in grain densities, that as an elementary step forms the basis for a related optimization of gravity tables. The method is based on a multispectral imaging technology, capable of capturing differences in the surface chemistry of the kernels. The relevant micro-properties of the grains are estimated using a Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) that segments the captured grains into individual kernels and we show that for wheat, our method correlates well with control measurements (R 2 = 0.93).
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| 3. |
- Kannan, Ananda Subramani, 1989, et al.
(author)
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A study of the performance of pilot scale gravity sorters using a CFD-DEM computational framework
- 2016
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In: ICMF 2016 International Conference on Multiphase Flow, Firenze, Italy, May 22 - 27, 2016.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Gravity sorters are utilized in the downstream processing of harvested grains in order to clean and enhance the grain quality for human consumption. In this paper, we undertake a detailed assessment into the performance of such sorters using a coupled CFD-DEM framework implemented in the OpenFOAM® environment. We look to establish and characterize the performance of gravity sorters cleaning harvested wheat at different operating conditions such as: deck tilt, fluidization conditions, deck vibrational intensity etc. Our simulations result in the identification of the optimal deck tilt and consequently the corresponding fluidization velocity and deck vibration intensity required for obtaining peak performance. A clear segregation between the light wastes present in the feed and the good product is noted in the virtual sorter, with the separation becoming poorer at steeper deck tilts. Finally, a regression model relating the operating conditions to the performance is developed in order to aid in making qualified guesses during the startup of such sorters.
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| 4. |
- Kannan, Ananda Subramani, 1989, et al.
(author)
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CFD-DEM studies of grain segregation patterns on a conceptual destoner
- 2015
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In: The 16th International Conference on Fluid Flow Technologies (CMFF15), Budapest, Hungary.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Removal of contaminants from ‘food grade’ quality grains is of great importance in food and grain processing operations. A thorough understanding of the inherent granular segregation profiles on this processing equipment is a pivotal step in the design and development of more efficient processes. One such grain cleaning operation is the ‘density-based separation’ using a destoner. This process removes stones and other heavy material from lighter food grains using a vibrating deck and fluidizing air. In this paper we formulate a CFD-DEM framework (set up and implemented in the OpenFOAM® environment) to study granular segregation patterns on a destoner. The scheme is first validated by comparing simulations with experimental data using a gas-solid fluidized-bed test case. A good agreement between the experiments and the simulations is noted. This proposed framework is then used to characterize the combined effects of deck inclination and fluidization velocities on the separation profiles generated from a virtual destoner. We have found these profiles to be highly sensitive to changes in fluidization conditions, with the gradual development of segregation zones at velocities close to the minimum fluidization velocity of the heavier component. A deck inclination of 5 degrees and a fluidization velocity of 2.0 m/s is considered optimal while steeper slopes (inclinations of 15 degrees) and lower air velocities (0 and 1.5 m/s) are deemed unsuitable for segregation.
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| 5. |
- Kannan, Ananda Subramani, 1989, et al.
(author)
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Segregation phenomena in gravity separators: A combined numerical and experimental study
- 2016
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In: Powder Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-328X .- 0032-5910. ; 301, s. 679-693
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we formulate a computational framework for characterizing and optimizing the performance of adestoner, an example of a density-based separation technique. The numerical framework combines ComputationalFluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with a Discrete Element Method (DEM), implemented in an opensourcecomputation package (OpenFOAM). This framework is validated first by comparing the simulationswith experiments for a standardized test case and further with our experimental study of a pilot-scale destoner.We evaluate the combined effects of process conditions, such as separator deck inclination, vibration speed andfluidization velocities on destoner performance. Our simulations showhowthe heavy product fraction in the discardsstreamincreases over timewith a corresponding accumulation of the ‘valuable’ light product at the base ofthe deck, indicating segregation between the stones (heavy product) and the grains (light product).We also findthat these separation profiles are highly sensitive to changes in deck surface air velocities, with the gradual developmentof segregation zones at velocities close to the minimum fluidization velocity of the heavier component.Optimal separation is seen at a deck inclination of 4° and a fluidization velocity of between 1.75 and2 m/s. Our simulation results also agree well with the experimental findings indicating the usability of the proposedframework for the design and optimization of gravity separators.
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| 6. |
- Kannan, Ananda Subramani, 1989, et al.
(author)
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Studies of grain segregation patterns on a Destoner using a CFD-DEM approach
- 2015
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In: WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences. - 1743-3533. ; 89, s. 287 - 298
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Removal of contaminants from ‘food grade’ quality grains is of great importance in food and grain processing operations. A thorough understanding of the inherent granular segregation profiles on this processing equipment is a pivotal step in the design and development of more efficient processes. One such grain cleaning operation is the ‘density-based separation’ using a destoner. This process removes stones and other heavy material from lighter food grains using a vibrating deck and fluidizing air. In this paper we formulate a CFD-DEM framework (set up and implemented in the OpenFOAM® environment) to study granular segregation patterns on a destoner. The scheme is first validated by comparing simulations with experimental data using a gas-solid fluidized-bed test case. A good agreement between the experiments and the simulations is noted. This proposed framework is then used to characterize the combined effects of deck inclination and fluidization velocities on the separation profiles generated from a virtual destoner. We have found these profiles to be highly sensitive to changes in fluidization conditions, with the gradual development of segregation zones at velocities close to the minimum fluidization velocity of the heavier component. A deck inclination of 5 degrees and a fluidization velocity of 2.0 m/s is considered optimal while steeper slopes (inclinations of 15 degrees) and lower air velocities (0 and 1.5 m/s) are deemed unsuitable for segregation.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lund Stetler, Katarina, 1982-
(author)
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Innovation under pressure : Reclaiming the micro-level exploration space
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Research & Development (R&D) departments are becoming increasingly structured and routine-based, with tight schedules and daily follow-ups. This way of working stems from increased demands for delivering products to customers quickly and with high quality at a low price. At the same time, these organisations are faced with the challenge of coming up with new ideas that can become the foundations of tomorrow’s innovations. This means that R&D departments must achieve both exploration, in terms of coming up with new ideas, and exploitation in terms of turning existing ideas into products available on the market. If these dual perspectives are to be met within a single work unit, the employees in that unit must achieve what we call contextual ambidexterity. Previous research has shown this to be difficult to achieve and has offered little guidance for organisations about how to organise and manage their operations in order to increase their chances of achieving contextual ambidexterity.The aim of this thesis is to explore challenges related to innovation that are encountered at the micro-level in contextually ambidextrous organisations and to shed light on factors that explain those challenges.This study has combined survey data with interview data from several organisations to analyse the relationship between aspects of efficiency and aspects of creativity. It was found that employees in a contextually ambidextrous organisation struggle to ensure enough micro-level exploration space, in other words, they have trouble finding time to explore ideas and making room for novel ideas.This research shows that a contextually ambidextrous approach in R&D will likely exert two main challenges related to innovation. The first challenge is a crowding out of exploratory activities in favour of exploitatory activities. One reason for this is the combination of using productivity goals for exploitation and not using any similar targets for exploration activities. Large discrepancies in how these two types of activities are treated runs the risk that the one that is less monitored – most often exploration – is likely to be crowded out in favour of the one that is more intensely monitored.A second possible challenge is the demand on predictability in project progress that is often built into organisations as a means to enhance exploitation. This aim for predictability might create a reluctance to introduce new projects with high levels of novelty because the introduction of novel ideas contains uncertainties that jeopardise the adherence to the project plan. The combination of this view of novelty in the later phases of product development and the crowding out of exploratory activities could possibly lead to insufficient room for novel ideas to gain ground in the organisation, and this could lead to less innovative output.
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| 9. |
- Nielsen-Kudsk, Jens Erik, et al.
(author)
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Left atrial appendage occlusion versus standard medical care in patients with atrial fibrillation and intracerebral haemorrhage : a propensity score-matched follow-up study
- 2017
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In: EuroIntervention. - : EUROPA EDITION. - 1774-024X .- 1969-6213. ; 13:3, s. 371-378
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) having a left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) versus patients receiving standard medical therapy. Methods and results: A total of 151 patients from the Nordic countries with AF and previous ICH who underwent LAAO using the AMPLATZER Cardiac Plug or the AMPLATZER AMULET were compared to a propensity score-matched group of 151 patients receiving standard medical therapy. The two groups were matched so that their risks for stroke and bleeding were similar (CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores). The standard care patients were identified from the Danish Stroke Registry among 787 patients with AF and ICH. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, ischaemic stroke and major bleeding. Patients with AF and a prior ICH treated with LAAO had a lower risk of the composite outcome as compared to patients treated with standard medical care (events/1,000 years [95% confidence interval]: 53.3 [44.3-64.1] vs. 366.7 [298.2-450.9]; hazard ratio 0.16 [0.07-0.37]). Conclusions: LAAO is suggested to be of major clinical benefit in AF patients having sustained an ICH. These results have to be confirmed in a randomised clinical trial.
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| 10. |
- Palmé, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Nordic Crop Wild Relative conservation : A report from two collaborative projects 2015–2019
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The report summarizes results from a cooperation among all the Nordic countries during the period 2015 – 2019 (two projects). The work has focused on the conservation of Crop Wild Relatives (CWR), i.e. wild plant species closely related to crops. They are of special importance to humanity since traits of potential value for food security and climate change adaptation can be transferred from CWR into crops. The projects represent the first joint action on the Nordic level regarding in situ conservation of CWR. Substantial progress has been made regarding CWR conservation planning, including development of a Nordic CWR checklist and identification of suitable sites for CWR conservation. A set of recommended future actions was developed, with the most important one being initiation of active in situ conservation of CWR in all Nordic countries.
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