| 1. |
- Björkman, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of stigma among people with severe mental illness. Reliability, acceptability and construct validity of the Swedish versions of two stigma scales measuring devaluation/discrimination and rejection experiences
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 61:5, s. 332-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stigma has been identified as one of the most important obstacles for a successful integration of people with mental illness into the society. Research about stigma has shown negative attitudes among the public towards people with mental illness. Studies so far have, however, put little emphasis on how these negative attitudes are perceived by the mentally ill persons. The aim of the present study was to investigate acceptability and internal consistency of the Swedish versions of two stigma scales, the Devaluation and Discrimination scale and the Rejection experiences scale. Forty individuals were subject to an interview, which also comprised assessments of needs for care, quality of life, therapeutic relationship and empowerment. The results showed that both the Devaluation and Discrimination scale and the Rejection experiences scale had a good internal consistency and acceptability. Stigma in terms of perceived devaluation and discrimination was found to be most markedly associated with empowerment and rejection experiences was found to be most associated with the number of previous psychiatric admissions. It is concluded that the Swedish versions of the Devaluation and Discrimination scale and the Rejection experiences scale may well be used in further studies of stigma among people with mental illness.
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| 2. |
- Dahlgren, Liselotte, et al.
(författare)
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Human papillomavirus is more common in base of tongue than in mobile tongue cancer and is a favorable prognostic factor in base of tongue cancer patients.
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 112:6, s. 1015-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The frequency of human papilloma virus (HPV) and its influence on clinical outcome was analyzed retrospectively in pre-treatment paraffin embedded biopsies from 110 patients with tongue cancer. The presence of HPV DNA was examined in 85 mobile tongue tumors and 25 base of tongue tumors by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 2 general primer pairs, GP5+/6+ and CPI/IIG. When HPV-DNA was found, HPV-type specific primers and direct sequencing were used for HPV sub-type verification. Twelve of 110 (10.9%) samples were HPV-positive; 9 for HPV-16, 1 for HPV-33, 1 for HPV-35 and 1 could not be analyzed because of shortage of DNA. HPV was significantly more common in base of tongue tumors (10/25, 40.0%) compared to tumors of the mobile tongue (2/85, 2.3%). The influence of HPV on clinical outcome in mobile tongue cancer could not be studied, due to that HPV was present in too few cases. Of the 19 patients with base of tongue cancer that were included in the survival analysis, however, 7 patients with HPV-positive base of tongue cancer had a significantly favorable 5-year survival rate compared to the 12 HPV-negative patients. In conclusion, HPV is significantly more common in base of tongue cancer than in mobile tongue cancer, and has a positive impact on disease-specific survival in patients with base of tongue cancer.
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| 3. |
- Lundberg, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Are stigma experiences among persons with mental illness, related to perceptions of self-esteem, empowerment and sense of coherence?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing. - : Wiley. - 1365-2850 .- 1351-0126. ; 16:6, s. 516-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between stigmatizing rejection experiences and self-related variables. Our hypothesis was that rejection experiences would be negatively associated with perceptions of self-esteem, empowerment and sense of coherence. A cross-sectional study assessing rejection experiences, empowerment, sense of coherence and self-esteem was performed, including 200 persons in current or earlier contact with mental health services. The results showed that experiences of rejection were negatively associated with sense of coherence, empowerment and self-esteem. This exploratory investigation suggests that experiences of rejection might be a target for coping interventions. Mental health nurses are in a key position to identify patients' experiences of stigma and by that to understand what consequences of devaluation/discrimination can have for the afflicted.
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| 4. |
- Lundberg, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Arvegods och nyodlingar - Kulturgeografi i Karlstad vid millennieskiftet
- 2002
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Denna bok har formen av en antologi och är en dokumentation av vad som skett sedan 1990 inom kulturgeografisk utbildning och forskning vid högskolan och sedermera universitetet i Karlstad, men framförallt är den också en fyllig provkarta på den forskning som idag bedrivs vid ämnet. Boken omfattar nitton artiklar i vilka sammantaget sjutton författare medverkar. De inledande artiklarna har karaktären av krönikor över ämnets utveckling, över framlagda doktorsavhandlingar, över det internationella forskningssamarbetet inom det s.k. PIMA-nätverket och över den regionala utvecklingen i Värmland. De därpå följande artiklarna behandlar ett brett spektrum av kulturgeografiska forskningsfält och ämnesvetenskapliga reflektioner och speglar därmed den mångfald av forskningsinriktningar och forskningsansatser som finns representerade bland kulturgeograferna i Karlstad. I den avslutande artikeln riktas blickarna och tankarna framåt mot det som kan komma ut av nuet.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lundberg, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Sociodemographic and clinical factors related to devaluation/discrimination and rejection experiences among users of mental health services.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-9285 .- 0933-7954. ; 42:4, s. 295-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A major goal in mental health research and policy is to identify ways to reduce stigma among persons with mental illness. AIMS: The aims of the present study were to (1) investigate the prevalence of rejection and devaluation/discrimination in a cross-sectional sample of 200 individuals with experiences of mental illness and (2) investigate the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical, client characteristics and perceived devaluation/discrimination and experiences of rejection. METHODS: A total of 200 subjects in current contact with mental health services or with earlier experiences of this were interviewed regarding beliefs about devaluation/discrimination and rejection experiences. RESULTS: The results showed that subjects with a higher degree of global functioning perceived less devaluation/discrimination. With regard to rejections experiences associations were found between rejection experiences and global functioning, number of admissions to inpatient psychiatric care and current contact with social services. CONCLUSION: Further research should investigate the causal relationship between stigma experiences and psychosocial functioning. To understand what consequences perceived devaluation/discrimination has for the afflicted, a psychological and social approach in the research must be taken into consideration.
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| 7. |
- Lundberg, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Stigma, discrimination, empowerment and social networks: A preliminary investigation of their influence on subjective quality of life in a Swedish sample
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Psychiatry. - : SAGE Publications. - 0020-7640 .- 1741-2854. ; 54:1, s. 47-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies investigating the importance of social network, empowerment and experiences of stigma on subjective quality of life among persons with mental illness are rare. Aim: This study aimed to investigate beliefs of devaluation/discrimination, actual rejection experiences, empowerment, social network and the relationship of these factors to subjective quality of life among subjects with mental illness. Methods: A cross-sectional study assessing beliefs of devaluation/discrimination, actual rejection experiences, empowerment, social network and subjective quality of life was performed on 150 subjects with mental illness. Results: The factors most prominently related to subjective quality of life were overall empowerment and overall social network. For a subgroup of subjects suffering from psychotic disorders there was a significant negative relationship between subjective quality of life and rejection experiences. This group also reported more frequent rejection experiences. Conclusion: The findings indicate that persons with mental illness are a heterogeneous group with regard to the influence of social network, stigma and empowerment on subjective quality of life. The negative impact of actual rejection experiences might express that, in order to increase subjective quality of life, stigma must be addressed as a separate and important factor in its own right.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Malm, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Leukocytes, cytokines, growth factors and hormones in human skeletal muscle and blood after uphill or downhill running.
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Journal of physiology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 556:Pt 3, s. 983-1000
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscular adaptation to physical exercise has previously been described as a repair process following tissue damage. Recently, evidence has been published to question this hypothesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate inflammatory processes in human skeletal muscle and epimysium after acute physical exercise with large eccentric components. Three groups of subjects (n= 19) performed 45 min treadmill running at either 4 deg (n= 5) or 8 deg (n= 9) downhill or 4 deg uphill (n= 5) and one group served as control (n= 9). One biopsy was taken from each subject 48 h post exercise. Blood samples were taken up to 7 days post exercise. Compared to the control group, none of the markers of inflammation in muscle and epimysium samples was different in any exercised group. Only subjects in the Downhill groups experienced delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) and increased serum creatine kinase activity (CK). The detected levels of immunohistochemical markers for T cells (CD3), granulocytes (CD11b), leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1beta (HIF-1beta) were greater in epimysium from exercised subjects with DOMS ratings >3 (0-10 scale) compared to exercised subjects without DOMS but not higher than controls. Eccentric physical exercise (downhill running) did not result in skeletal muscle inflammation 48 h post exercise, despite DOMS and increased CK. It is suggested that exercise can induce DOMS by activating inflammatory factors present in the epimysium before exercise. Repeated physical training may alter the content of inflammatory factors in the epimysium and thus reduce DOMS.
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| 10. |
- Sundgren Grinups, Berit, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Den bortglömda hälsans folk : Rapport från projekt
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projekt ”Långtidsfrisk i Värmland – ett vardagsbaserat hälsoarbete” har bedrivits i samarbete mellan LO, Försäkringskassan i Värmland och Karlstads universitet och har finansierats av Regeringen och försäkringskassan i Värmland. Projektet pågick från våren 2002 t.o.m. sommaren 2004. Forskningscirklar på åtta arbetsplatser inom offentlig sektor har kartlagt hälsovillkoren för de anställda, och med det som utgångspunkt formulerat förslag till åtgärder på arbetsplatsen för att främja de anställdas hälsa. Projektet har således haft dubbla syften, dels ett handlingsinriktat inåt de deltagande organisationerna och dels ett forskningsinriktat i syfte att ta fram mer generell kunskap. En utgångspunkt har varit att ”hela livet” påverkar en individs hälsa. Teoretiskt har krav-kontroll-modellen (Karasek & Theorell) använts och utvecklats i en ambition att förutom arbetslivet studera hem och familjeliv, fritidsliv och samhällsliv i övrigt. Höga sammanlagda krav liksom många förändringar samtidigt i livet är ogynnsamt för hälsan. I rapporten konstateras att ”livet självt” inte längre ges utrymme i arbetslivet, utan kvar är bara arbete. Det framgår vidare att skevheter i arbetsfördelningen mellan könen både på arbetsmarknaden och i hem och familjelivet är faktorer med betydelse för sjukskrivningslängd och rehabiliteringsprocess. Den avslutande diskussionen utmynnar i ett antal förslag till ett friskare arbetsliv.
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