| 1. |
- Barazanji, Nawroz, et al.
(författare)
-
Irritable bowel syndrome in women: Association between decreased insular subregion volumes and gastrointestinal symptoms
- 2022
-
Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier. - 2213-1582. ; 35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic pain disorder characterized by disturbed interactions between the gut and the brain with depression as a common comorbidity. In both IBS and depression, structural brain alterations of the insular cortices, key structures for pain processing and interoception, have been demonstrated but the specificity of these findings remains unclear. We compared the gray matter volume (GMV) of insular cortex (IC) subregions in IBS women and healthy controls (HC) and examined relations to gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) concentrations. We further analyzed GMV of IC subregions in women with major depression (MDD) compared to HC and addressed possible differences between depression, IBS, IBS with depression and HC.
|
|
| 2. |
- Tapper, Sofie, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
A pilot study of essential tremor: cerebellar GABA+/Glx ratio is correlated with tremor severity
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Cerebellum & ataxias. - : BioMed Central. - 2053-8871. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Essential tremor is a common movement disorder with an unclear origin. Emerging evidence suggests the role of the cerebellum and the thalamus in tremor pathophysiology. We examined the two main neurotransmitters acting inhibitory (GABA+) and excitatory (Glx) respectively, in the thalamus and cerebellum, in patients diagnosed with severe essential tremor. Furthermore, we also investigated the relationship between determined neurotransmitter concentrations and tremor severity in the essential tremor patients.
|
|
| 3. |
- Blystad, Ida, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantitative MRI using relaxometry in malignant gliomas detects contrast enhancement in peritumoral oedema
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malignant gliomas are primary brain tumours with an infiltrative growth pattern, often with contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, it is well known that tumour infiltration extends beyond the visible contrast enhancement. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is contrast enhancement not detected visually in the peritumoral oedema of malignant gliomas by using relaxometry with synthetic MRI. 25 patients who had brain tumours with a radiological appearance of malignant glioma were prospectively included. A quantitative MR-sequence measuring longitudinal relaxation (R-1), transverse relaxation (R-2) and proton density (PD), was added to the standard MRI protocol before surgery. Five patients were excluded, and in 20 patients, synthetic MR images were created from the quantitative scans. Manual regions of interest (ROIs) outlined the visibly contrast-enhancing border of the tumours and the peritumoral area. Contrast enhancement was quantified by subtraction of native images from post GD-images, creating an R-1-difference-map. The quantitative R-1-difference-maps showed significant contrast enhancement in the peritumoral area (0.047) compared to normal appearing white matter (0.032), p = 0.048. Relaxometry detects contrast enhancement in the peritumoral area of malignant gliomas. This could represent infiltrative tumour growth.
|
|
| 4. |
- Edin, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
Ectopic fat is associated with cardiac remodeling - A comprehensive assessment of regional fat depots in type 2 diabetes using multi-parametric MRI.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-055X. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Different regional depots of fat have distinct metabolic properties and may relate differently to adverse cardiac remodeling. We sought to quantify regional depots of body fat and to investigate their relationship to cardiac structure and function in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and controls.Methods: From the SCAPIS cohort in Linköping, Sweden, we recruited 92 subjects (35% female, mean age 59.5 ± 4.6 years): 46 with T2D and 46 matched controls. In addition to the core SCAPIS data collection, participants underwent a comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging examination at 1.5 T for assessment of left ventricular (LV) structure and function (end-diastolic volume, mass, concentricity, ejection fraction), as well as regional body composition (liver proton density fat fraction, visceral adipose tissue, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, thigh muscle fat infiltration, fat tissue-free thigh muscle volume and epicardial adipose tissue).Results: Compared to the control group, the T2D group had increased: visceral adipose tissue volume index (P < 0.001), liver fat percentage (P < 0.001), thigh muscle fat infiltration percentage (P = 0.02), LV concentricity (P < 0.001) and LV E/e'-ratio (P < 0.001). In a multiple linear regression analysis, a negative association between liver fat percentage and LV mass (St Beta -0.23, P < 0.05) as well as LV end-diastolic volume (St Beta -0.27, P < 0.05) was found. Epicardial adipose tissue volume and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue volume index were the only parameters of fat associated with LV diastolic dysfunction (E/e'-ratio) (St Beta 0.24, P < 0.05; St Beta 0.34, P < 0.01, respectively). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, only visceral adipose tissue volume index was significantly associated with T2D, with an odds ratio for T2D of 3.01 (95% CI 1.28-7.05, P < 0.05) per L/m2 increase in visceral adipose tissue volume.Conclusions: Ectopic fat is predominantly associated with cardiac remodeling, independently of type 2 diabetes. Intriguingly, liver fat appears to be related to LV structure independently of VAT, while epicardial fat is linked to impaired LV diastolic function. Visceral fat is associated with T2D independently of liver fat and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue.
|
|
| 5. |
- Edin, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
Liver fibrosis is associated with left ventricular remodeling : insight into the liver-heart axis
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis is the strongest predictor of adverse outcomes. We sought to investigate the relationship between liver fibrosis and cardiac remodeling in participants from the general population using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as explore potential mechanistic pathways by analyzing circulating cardiovascular biomarkers.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we prospectively included participants with type 2 diabetes and individually matched controls from the SCAPIS (Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study) cohort in Linköping, Sweden. Between November 2017 and July 2018, participants underwent MRI at 1.5 Tesla for quantification of liver proton density fat fraction (spectroscopy), liver fibrosis (stiffness from elastography), left ventricular (LV) structure and function, as well as myocardial native T1 mapping. We analyzed 278 circulating cardiovascular biomarkers using a Bayesian statistica lapproach.Results: In total, 92 participants were enrolled (mean age 59.5 ± 4.6 years, 32 women). The mean liver stiffness was 2.1 ± 0.4 kPa. 53 participants displayed hepatic steatosis. LV concentricity increased across quartiles of liver stiffness. Neither liver fat nor liver stiffness displayed any relationships to myocardial tissue characteristics (native T1). In a regression analysis, liver stiffness was related to increased LV concentricity. This association was independent of diabetes and liver fat (Beta = 0.26, p = 0.0053), but was attenuated (Beta = 0.17, p = 0.077) when also adjusting for circulating levels of interleukin-1 receptor type 2.Conclusion: MRI reveals that liver fibrosis is associated to structural LV remodeling, in terms of increased concentricity, in participants from the general population. This relationship could involve the interleukin-1 signaling.
|
|
| 6. |
- Forsgren, Mikael F, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Biomarkers of liver fibrosis : prospective comparison of multimodal magnetic resonance, serum algorithms and transient elastography.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 55:7, s. 848-859
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Accurate biomarkers for quantifying liver fibrosis are important for clinical practice and trial end-points. We compared the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including gadoxetate-enhanced MRI and 31P-MR spectroscopy, with fibrosis stage and serum fibrosis algorithms in a clinical setting. Also, in a subset of patients, MR- and transient elastography (MRE and TE) was evaluated when available.METHODS: Patients were recruited prospectively if they were scheduled to undergo liver biopsy on a clinical indication due to elevated liver enzyme levels without decompensated cirrhosis. Within a month of the clinical work-up, an MR-examination and liver needle biopsy were performed on the same day. Based on late-phase gadoxetate-enhanced MRI, a mathematical model calculated hepatobiliary function (relating to OATP1 and MRP2). The hepatocyte gadoxetate uptake rate (KHep) and the normalised liver-to-spleen contrast ratio (LSC_N10) were also calculated. Nine serum fibrosis algorithms were investigated (GUCI, King's Score, APRI, FIB-4, Lok-Index, NIKEI, NASH-CRN regression score, Forns' score, and NAFLD-fibrosis score).RESULTS: The diagnostic performance (AUROC) for identification of significant fibrosis (F2-4) was 0.78, 0.80, 0.69, and 0.78 for MRE, TE, LSC_N10, and GUCI, respectively. For the identification of advanced fibrosis (F3-4), the AUROCs were 0.93, 0.84, 0.81, and 0.82 respectively.CONCLUSION: MRE and TE were superior for non-invasive identification of significant fibrosis. Serum fibrosis algorithms developed for specific liver diseases are applicable in this cohort of diverse liver diseases aetiologies. Gadoxetate-MRI was sufficiently sensitive to detect the low function losses associated with fibrosis. None was able to efficiently distinguish between stages within the low fibrosis stages.Lay summaryExcessive accumulation of scar tissue, fibrosis, in the liver is an important aspect in chronic liver disease. To replace the invasive needle biopsy, we have explored non-invasive methods to assess liver fibrosis. In our study we found that elastographic methods, which assess the mechanical properties of the liver, are superior in assessing fibrosis in a clinical setting. Of interest from a clinical trial point-of-view, none of the tested methods was sufficiently accurate to distinguish between adjacent moderate fibrosis stages.
|
|
| 7. |
- Jerdhaf, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluating Pre-Trained Language Models for Focused Terminology Extraction from Swedish Medical Records
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Workshop on Terminology in the 21st century. - : European Language Resources Association. - 9791095546955 ; , s. 30-32, s. 30-32
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the experiments briefly presented in this abstract, we compare the performance of a generalist Swedish pre-trained language model with a domain-specific Swedish pre-trained model on the downstream task of focused terminology extraction of implant terms, which are terms that indicate the presence of implants in the body of patients. The fine-tuning is identical for both models. For the search strategy we rely on KD-Tree that we feed with two different lists of term seeds, one with noise and one without noise. Results shows that the use of a domain-specific pre-trained language model has a positive impact on focused terminology extraction only when using term seeds without noise.
|
|
| 8. |
- Jerdhaf, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
-
Focused Terminology Extraction for CPSs The Case of "Implant Terms" in Electronic Medical Records
- 2021
-
Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Language Technology is an essential component of many Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) because specialized linguistic knowledge is indispensable to prevent fatal errors. We present the case of automatic identification of implant terms. The need of an automatic identification of implant terms spurs from safety reasons because patients who have an implant may or may be not submitted to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Normally, MRI scans are safe. However, in some cases an MRI scan may not be recommended. It is important to know if a patient has an implant, because MRI scanning is incompatible with some implants. At present, the process of ascertain whether a patient could be at risk is lengthy, manual, and based on the specialized knowledge of medical staff. We argue that this process can be sped up, streamlined and become safer by sieving through patients’ medical records. In this paper, we explore how to discover implant terms in electronic medical records (EMRs) written in Swedish with an unsupervised approach. To this aim we use BERT, a state-of-the-art deep learning algorithm based on pre-trained word embeddings. We observe that BERT discovers a solid proportion of terms that are indicative of implants.
|
|
| 9. |
- Karlsson, Markus, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
-
Mathematical models for biomarker calculation of drug-induced liver injury in humans and experimental models based on gadoxetate enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
- 2023
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco, CA, United States : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is a major concern when developing new drugs. A promising biomarker for DILI is the hepatic uptake rate of the contrast agent gadoxetate. This rate can be estimated using a novel approach combining magnetic resonance imaging and mathematical modeling. However, previous work has used different mathematical models to describe liver function in humans or rats, and no comparative study has assessed which model is most optimal to use, or focused on possible translatability between the two species.AIMS: Our aim was therefore to do a comparison and assessment of models for DILI biomarker assessment, and to develop a conceptual basis for a translational framework between the species.METHODS AND RESULTS: We first established which of the available pharmacokinetic models to use by identifying the most simple and identifiable model that can describe data from both human and rats. We then developed an extension of this model for how to estimate the effects of a hepatotoxic drug in rats. Finally, we illustrated how such a framework could be useful for drug dosage selection, and how it potentially can be applied in personalized treatments designed to avoid DILI.CONCLUSION: Our analysis provides clear guidelines of which mathematical model to use for model-based assessment of biomarkers for liver function, and it also suggests a hypothetical path to a translational framework for DILI.
|
|
| 10. |
- Kihlberg, Johan, Medicine doktor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Magnetic resonance imaging incidents are severely underreported : a finding in a multicentre interview survey
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 32:1, s. 477-488
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure to investigate the occurrence, character and causes of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging incidents. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was developed containing details such as safety zones, examination complexity, staff MR knowledge, staff categories, and implementation of EU directive 2013/35. We focused on formally reported incidents that had occurred during 2014–2019, and unreported incidents during one year. Thirteen clinical MR units were visited, and the managing radiographer was interviewed. Open questions were analysed using conventionally adopted content analysis. Results: Thirty-seven written reports for 5 years and an additional 12 oral reports for 1 year were analysed. Only 38% of the incidents were reported formally. Some of these incidents were catastrophic. Negative correlations were observed between the number of annual incidents (per scanner) and staff MR knowledge (Spearman’s rho − 0.41, p < 0.05) as well as the number of MR physicists per scanner (− 0.48, p < 0.05). It was notable that only half of the sites had implemented the EU directive. Quotes like ‘Burns are to be expected in MR’ and not even knowing the name of the incident reporting system suggested an inadequate safety culture. Finally, there was a desire among staff for MR safety education. Conclusions: MR-related incidents were greatly underreported, and some incidents could have had catastrophic outcomes. There is a great desire among radiographers to enhance the safety culture, but to achieve this, much more accessible education is required, as well as focused involvement of the management of the operations. Key Points: • Only one in three magnetic resonance–related incidents were reported. • Several magnetic resonance incidents could have led to catastrophic consequences. • Much increased knowledge about magnetic resonance safety is needed by radiologists and radiographers.
|
|
