| 1. |
- Alger, David, et al.
(författare)
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Skattning av areal organogen mark för alla ägoslag
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Torvmark lagrar stora mängder organiskt kol som kan emitteras i samband med brukande. Vidare kan lustgas och metan släppas ut från torvmark och därför anses variabeln viktig ur ett klimatperspektiv. Vi har valt att definiera torvmark som att ”mer än halva arealen täcks av torv”. Riksskogstaxeringen har en mer detaljerad definition men normalt ska torvlagret vara djupare än 30 cm. Riksskogstaxeringen mäter alltid torvmark på ägoslagen Skogsmark, Naturbete, Myr, Fjällbarrskog och Annat klimatimpediment (men periodvis har mätningar även förekommit på andra ägoslag). Därmed saknas variabeln för vissa ägoslag. Om provytan är delad i mer än ett ägoslag mäts variabeln per delyta. Internt i nuvarande klimatrapportering redovisas torvmark utifrån en inventering per omdrev (2003-2007) fast variabeln registreras vid varje återinventering av samma provyta. Tanken är att undvika variation orsakad av personlig bedömning i fält samtidigt som vi tror att variabeln sällan ändras. Det finns nu en möjlighet att grovt komplettera variabeln torvmark för ägoslag där densamma inte registrerats av Riksskogstaxering. Tanken är att använda SGUs jordartskarta för ändamålet. Uppgiften går ut på att komplettera de provytor som saknar bedömning av variabeln torvmark med uppgifter från ett nyproducerat kartskikt. Vidare kommer en kontinuerlig registrering av variabeln torvmark per inventeringstillfälle vägas mot att, som idag, enbart basera mätningen på ett inventeringstillfälle.
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| 2. |
- Grundberg, Karl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Fördelning av kolpoolsförändringar på olika skogstyper
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att kunna redovisa kolpoolsförändringar i levande biomassa uppdelat på olika skogstyper kopplades databaserna GreenbaseWeb, som används för Sveriges klimatrapportering, ihop med RT-bas, som utgör Riksskogstaxeringens (RT) viktigaste databas. Den totala skogsmarksarealen summerad per skogstyp i RT-bas överensstämde med total rapporterad skogsmarksareal under Sveriges klimatrapportering baserat på GreenbaseWeb. Detta gällde även förändring av levade trädbiomassa som utgör den viktigaste kolpoolen i Sveriges klimatrapportering för Skog- och marksektorn (LULUCF). I förlängningen möjliggör kopplingen mellan dessa databaser många möjligheter till alternativa skärningar av resultatredovisningen för LULUCF.Resultaten visar att 26 % eller 7,3 Mha av totalt 28,1 Mha skogsmark 2016 var undantagen från skogsbruk för virkesproduktion baserat på Riksskogstaxeringen (formellt skydd, frivilliga avsättningar och improduktiv skogsmark). Så kallade hänsynsytor räknas inte till undantagen areal i denna studie och redovisas under skogsmark för virkesproduktion. Nettoupptaget 2016 i levande biomassa var störst i skogar för virkesproduktion: -24 Mton CO2/år eller 77 % av det totala nettoupptaget om -31 Mton CO2/år. Eftersom Riksskogstaxeringen baseras på fem omdrev med vardera en femårig inventeringscykel så kan redovisningen klassificeras som ett medeltal och därför kan faktiska årliga variationer vara relativt stora beroende på avverkningsnivå och variationer i tillväxt enskilda år.De största nettoupptagen per areal återfanns på produktiv skogsmark för virkesproduktion och frivilliga avsättningar. Det förra beror på att den totala tillväxten är stor i dessa brukade skogar och dessutom större än avverkningen, och det senare på att de frivilliga avsättningarna är biologiskt unga och därmed har en relativt hög tillväxt. Med tiden förväntas nettoupptaget för frivilliga avsättningar att gå mot noll.Levande biomassa har nästan alla år från 1990-2016 utgjort ett nettoupptag för Götaland, Svealand, Södra Norrland och Norra Norrland med två undantag. I samband med stormarna 2005 och 2007 bidrog Götaland med ett nettoutsläpp som delvis tycks ha kompenserats av större nettoupptag i andra regioner.
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| 3. |
- Offstad, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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The Scandinavian multicenter hemodynamic evaluation of the SJM Regent aortic valve
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1749-8090. ; 6:163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: 112 patients who received small and medium sized St.Jude Regent heart valves (19-25 mm) at 7 Scandinavian centers were studied between January 2003 and February 2005 to obtain non-invasive data regarding the hemodynamic performance at rest and during Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) testing one year after surgery. Material and methods: 46 woman and 66 men, aged 61.8 +/- 9.7 (18-75) years, were operated on for aortic regurgitation (17), stenosis (65), or mixed dysfunction (30). Valve sizes were 19 mm (6), 21 mm (33), 23 mm (41), 25 mm (30). Two patients receiving size 27 valves were excluded from the hemodynamic evaluation. Pledgets were used in 100 patients, everted mattress in 66 and simple interrupted sutures in 21. Valve orientation varied and was dependent on the surgeons' choice. 34 patients (30.4%) underwent concomitant coronary artery surgery. Results: There were two early deaths (1.8%) and three late deaths, one because of pancreatic cancer. Late events during follow-up were: non structural dysfunction (1), bleeding (2), thromboembolism (2). At one year follow up 93% of the patients were in NYHA classes 1-2 versus 47.8% preoperatively. Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) was performed in a total of 66 and maximal peak stress was reached in 61 patients. During DSE testing, the following statistically significant changes took place: Heart rate increased by 73.0%, cardiac output by 85.5%, left ventriclular ejection fraction by 19.6%, and maximal mean prosthetic transvalvular gradient by 133.8%, whereas the effective orifice area index did not change. Left ventricular mass fell during one year from 215 +/- 63 to 197 +/- 62 g (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Dobutamine test induces a substantial stress, well suitable for echocardiographic assessment of prosthesis valve function and can be performed in the majority of the patients. The changes in pressure gradients add to the hemodynamic characteristics of the various valve sizes. In our patients the St. Jude Regent valve performed satisfactory at rest and under pharmacological stress situation.
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| 4. |
- Palmskog, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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ABS-NET: Fully Decentralized Runtime Adaptation for Distributed Objects
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings 6th Interaction and Concurrency Experience. - : Open Publishing Association. ; , s. 85-100
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a formalized, fully decentralized runtime semantics for a core subset of ABS, a language and framework for modelling distributed object-oriented systems. The semantics incorporates an abstract graph representation of a network infrastructure, with network endpoints represented as graph nodes, and links as arcs with buffers, corresponding to OSI layer 2 interconnects. The key problem we wish to address is how to allocate computational tasks to nodes so that certain performance objectives are met. To this end, we use the semantics as a foundation for performing network-adaptive task execution via object migration between nodes. Adaptability is analyzed in terms of three Quality of Service objectives: node load, arc load and message latency. We have implemented the key parts of our semantics in a simulator and evaluated how well objectives are achieved for some application-relevant choices of network topology, migration procedure and ABS program. The evaluation suggests that it is feasible in a decentralized setting to continually meet both the objective of a node-balanced task allocation and make headway towards minimizing communication, and thus arc load and message latency.
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| 5. |
- Petersson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Kolsänkan av levande biomassa i fjällnära skog
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study focuses on facts about the role of the forests, near the mountains in the northwestern part of Sweden, from a climate perspective. This refers to the net removal in living tree biomass while the substitution effect is omitted. The area-based (design based) estimates are based on data from the Swedish National Forest Inventories permanent sample plots in two areas close to the mountains. The first area refers to the above limit for forests close to the mountains (above GFS) according to the Swedish Forest Agency and the second according to a map layer that is considered important of protection for biodiversity reasons according to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA). Of the 8.1 Mha of land above the limit for forests close to mountains, 3.1 Mha is forest land, of which 1.7 Mha is formally protected forest land. Productive forest land used for timber production amounts to less than 0.5 Mha. For both formally protected forest land and non-formally protected forest land, living biomass constitutes a net uptake of -1 Mton CO2 / year during the period 1990-2016 on a reasonably similar area. If all forest land above GFS is excluded from timber production, the short-term increase in net removal in the forest will be approximately -0.4 Mton CO2 / year, which corresponds to harvest. Then we do not expect any substitution effect and believe that other carbon pools (dead wood, soil, litter and the carbon pool harvested wood products) in the short term are not affected by the stopping of felling. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has selected an area close to the mountains where two thirds comprise forest land. No land is formally protected. Of approximately 1.0 Mha of forest land, 0.39 Mha was assessed as forest land for timber production. The net uptake in living biomass of forest land amounted to approximately -1 Mton CO2 / year during the period. On productive forest land for timber production, the net uptake was approximately -0.6 Mton CO2 / year during the period. If all forest land according to the map layer is excluded from timber production, the short-term increase in net removal in the forest will be approximately -0.1 Mton CO2 / year, which corresponds to harvest. Then we do not expect any substitution effect and believe that other carbon pools in the short term are not affected by the stopping of felling.The study focuses on facts about the role of the forests, near the mountains in the northwestern part of Sweden, from a climate perspective. This refers to the net removal in living tree biomass while the substitution effect is omitted. The area-based (design based) estimates are based on data from the Swedish National Forest Inventories permanent sample plots in two areas close to the mountains. The first area refers to the above limit for forests close to the mountains (above GFS) according to the Swedish Forest Agency and the second according to a map layer that is considered important of protection for biodiversity reasons according to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA). Of the 8.1 Mha of land above the limit for forests close to mountains, 3.1 Mha is forest land, of which 1.7 Mha is formally protected forest land. Productive forest land used for timber production amounts to less than 0.5 Mha. For both formally protected forest land and non-formally protected forest land, living biomass constitutes a net uptake of -1 Mton CO2 / year during the period 1990-2016 on a reasonably similar area. If all forest land above GFS is excluded from timber production, the short-term increase in net removal in the forest will be approximately -0.4 Mton CO2 / year, which corresponds to harvest. Then we do not expect any substitution effect and believe that other carbon pools (dead wood, soil, litter and the carbon pool harvested wood products) in the short term are not affected by the stopping of felling. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has selected an area close to the mountains where two thirds comprise forest land. No land is formally protected. Of approximately 1.0 Mha of forest land, 0.39 Mha was assessed as forest land for timber production. The net uptake in living biomass of forest land amounted to approximately -1 Mton CO2 / year during the period. On productive forest land for timber production, the net uptake was approximately -0.6 Mton CO2 / year during the period. If all forest land according to the map layer is excluded from timber production, the short-term increase in net removal in the forest will be approximately -0.1 Mton CO2 / year, which corresponds to harvest. Then we do not expect any substitution effect and believe that other carbon pools in the short term are not affected by the stopping of felling.
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| 6. |
- Santillo, Alexander Frizell, et al.
(författare)
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Grey and white matter clinico-anatomical correlates of disinhibition in neurodegenerative disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disinhibition is an important symptom in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the clinico- anatomical underpinnings remain controversial. We explored the anatomical correlates of disinhibition in neurodegenerative disease using the perspective of grey and white matter imaging. Disinhibition was assessed with a neuropsychological test and a caregiver information- based clinical rating scale in 21 patients with prefrontal syndromes due to behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (n = 12) or progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 9), and healthy controls (n = 25). Cortical thickness was assessed using the Freesurfer software on 3T MRI data. The integrity of selected white matter tracts was determined by the fractional anisotropy (FA) from Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Disinhibition correlated with the cortical thickness of the right parahippocampal gyrus, right orbitofrontal cortex and right insula and the FA of the right uncinate fasciculus and right anterior cingulum. Notably, no relationship was seen with the thickness of ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Our results support an associative model of inhibitory control, distributed in a medial temporal lobe-insularorbitofrontal network, connected by the intercommunicating white matter tracts. This reconciles some of the divergences among previous studies, but also questions the current conceptualisation of the prefrontal syndrome and the central role attributed to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in inhibitory control.
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| 7. |
- Suneson, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Omega-3 fatty acids for inflamed depression - A match/mismatch study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. - 1090-2139. ; 118, s. 192-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite decades of research on the pathophysiology of depression, the development of new therapeutic interventions has been slow, and no biomarkers of treatment response have been clinically implemented. Several lines of evidence suggest that the clinical and biological heterogeneity among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) has hampered progress in this field. MDD with low-grade inflammation - "inflamed depression" - is a subtype of depression that may be associated with a superior antidepressant treatment response to anti-inflammatory compounds. Omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has anti-inflammatory properties, and preliminary data suggest that it may be particularly efficacious in inflamed depression. In this study we tested the hypothesis that add-on EPA has greater antidepressant efficacy in MDD patients with high baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) compared to MDD patients with low hs-CRP. All subjects received 2.2 g EPA, 400 mg docosahexaenoic acid and 800 mg of other fatty acids daily for 8 weeks, added to stable ongoing antidepressant treatment. The primary outcome was change in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17). Patients and raters were blind to baseline hs-CRP status. In an intention-to-treat analysis including all subjects with at least one post baseline visit (n = 101), ahs-CRPcut-off of ≥1 mg/L, but not ≥3 mg/L, was associated with a greater improvement in HAMD-17 total score. In addition to a general antidepressant effect among patients with hs-CRP ≥ 1 mg/L, adjuvant EPA treatment improved symptoms putatively related to inflamed depression such as fatigue and sleep difficulties. This adds to the mounting evidence that delineation of MDD subgroups based on inflammation may be clinically relevant to predict treatment response to anti-inflammatory interventions.
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