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- Lundeheim, Nils
(författare)
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A Pilot Study in Sweden on Efficacy of Benzylpenicillin, Oxytetracycline, and Florfenicol in Treatment of Acute Undifferentiated Respiratory Disease in Calves
- 2020
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Ingår i: Antibiotics. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-6382. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major indication for antibiotic treatment of cattle worldwide and some of the antibiotics used belong to classes of highest priority among those listed by WHO as critically important for human medicine. To preserve the efficacy of "newer" antibiotics, it has been suggested that "older" drugs should be revisited and used when possible. In this pilot study, we evaluated the efficacy of benzylpenicillin (PEN), oxytetracycline (OTC), and florfenicol (FLO) for treatment of naturally occurring BRD on two farms raising calves for slaughter. Farm personnel selected calves for enrolment, assigned calves to one of the three regimens in a systematically random manner, treated the calves, and registered the results. Overall, 117 calves were enrolled in the study. Nineteen calves relapsed in BRD before slaughter and were retreated (16.2%) and three died (2.6%). For PEN, treatment response rates after 30 days, 60 days, and until slaughter were 90.2%, 87.8%, and 80.5%, respectively; for OTC, 90.0%, 85.0%, and 85.0%, respectively; and for FLO, 86.1%, 83.3%, and 77.8%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in relapse, mortality, or response rates between the three treatment regimens. This indicates that PEN, OTC, and FLO were equally effective for treatment of BRD but the results need to be confirmed in a more elaborate study with a higher statistical power. The findings support the current recommendations from the Swedish Veterinary Association and the Medical Products Agency to use benzylpenicillin as a first line antibiotic for treatment of calves with undifferentiated respiratory disease in Sweden. Due to differences in the panorama of infectious agents and presence of acquired antibiotic resistance, the findings might not be applicable in other geographical areas.
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- Lundeheim, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Stored Stallion Sperm Quality Depends on Sperm Preparation Method in INRA82 or INRA96
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0737-0806 .- 1542-7412. ; 98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Removal of seminal plasma facilitates stallion sperm survival during storage, but washing may damage sperm chromatin. Therefore, sperm quality was compared in samples following single-layer centrifugation (SLC) or sperm washing and controls (extension only) in two extenders, INRA82 and INRA96. Ejaculates from six stallions were split among six treatments: SLC, sperm washing, and controls, in INRA82 and INRA96. Sperm motility and acrosome status were evaluated at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours; morphology at 0, 24, 48, 72 hours and chromatin integrity at 0 and 96 hours, with storage at 6 degrees C. Sperm samples in INRA96 had better motility, acrosome status, and normal morphology than samples in INRA82. The SLC samples had higher motility and fewer reacted acrosomes than controls, and lower fragmented chromatin than washed samples. Fewer spermatozoa with tail defects were observed after SLC than after sperm washing; spermatozoa washed in INRA82 had fewer tail defects than those washed in INRA96. In conclusion, sperm quality (except for morphology) was better in INRA96 than in INRA82 and was better in SLC samples than in washed samples or controls. The SLC method is a useful adjunct to stallion sperm preparation, especially for storage before artificial insemination. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.
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- Malmsten, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Dental disorders in sows from Swedish commercial herds
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge on dental disorders in commercial sows is limited although such conditions may have important animal welfare implications. In a pilot study, the dental and periodontal health of 58 sows (Landrace*Yorkshire-crosses) from 8 Swedish commercial pig herds, slaughtered at one abattoir, were investigated. The oral cavity was inspected and abnormalities were recorded on a dental chart modified for pigs. Dental abnormalities, absence of teeth, supernumerary teeth, tooth fractures, signs of caries, and malalignment were recorded. The study revealed that 19% of the sows had supernumerary teeth and 59% of the sows missed at least one tooth. Periodontitis, calculus and malalignment were observed in 33%, 45% and 17%, respectively. Tooth wear was very common both in incisors (total 83%) and in premolars/molars (total 84%). One or more tooth fractures (between 1 and 6 per sow) was found in 41%. Signs of caries was found in 9%. In order to assess oral health, three indices were used: calculus index (CI), periodontal index (PDI) and tooth wear index (TWI). Severe periodontitis, tooth wear in incisors and tooth wear in premolars/molars were found in 7%, 34% and 35%, respectively. With respect to animal welfare, the etiology and the effects of the disorders on health, stress and pain need to be investigated.
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- Sabés-Alsina, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of season on the in vitro fertilizing ability of frozen–thawed Spanish bovine spermatozoa
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 103, s. 9525-9533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of season on the in vitro fertilizing ability of bovine spermatozoa and subsequent embryo development. Bovine oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro with Holstein dairy bull sperm cells collected and frozen in different seasons (winter, spring, and summer). On d 2 and 8 postinsemination, cleavage and blastocyst rates, respectively, were recorded; the blastocysts were graded for morphology. The number of sperm cells binding to the zona pellucida of oocytes, together with the number of nuclei in the developing blastocysts, were assessed after staining with Hoechst. No significant differences were observed among seasons in cleavage and embryo development rate. However, the proportion of "advanced blastocysts" was significantly higher in spring compared with winter and summer, with a corresponding decrease in the proportion of early blastocysts in spring compared with winter and summer. The number of sperm cells binding per oocyte was significantly lower in the oocytes inseminated with sperm samples collected in summer compared with winter or spring. Moreover, a significant interaction was observed in the number of sperm cells binding per oocyte between bull and season. Although no significant differences were observed among seasons in the number of nuclei per blastocyst, a significant interaction was observed between bull and season for this variable. Embryo development rate in in vitro fertilization appeared to be affected by season of semen collection, with sperm samples collected in spring being associated with a higher proportion of advanced blastocysts and better morphology than those collected at other times of the year.
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| 7. |
- Wallenbeck, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Leg health, growth and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs of two different genotypes reared on Swedish organic farms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 10, s. 97-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased prevalence of joint abnormalities at slaughter among pigs from organically certified herds in Sweden has been reported. Most of these abnormalities are caused by osteochondrosis, which has a genetic background. Thus, we investigated whether changing the sire breed from the commonly used Hampshire to the commercially available sire breed Duroc affected joint health and growth rate. We studied 766 commercially reared growing-finishing pigs from insemination of the mother sow until slaughter. The pigs were raised at four commercial organic farms (integrated or externally integrated, and had 40–160 sows in production)and slaughtered at one slaughter plant. We found no significant difference between the offspring of the two sire breeds regarding back conformation, leg conformation, swollen joints, locomotion or lameness at 13 or 24 weeks of age, or regarding joint abnormalities at slaughter. This indicates that clinical leg health will not be improved by changing sire breed. However, the Hampshire-sired pigs had higher daily growth rate(P< 0.008), allowing earlier slaughter.
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| 8. |
- Wallgren, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of amount of straw on pig and pen hygiene in partly slatted flooring systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Veterinary Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1746-6148. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Straw is a beneficial enrichment material for pigs, shown to improve welfare through reducing tail biting. Straw has previously been identified as one of the means of how to raise pigs without tail docking, through improving natural exploratory behaviour. Straw has however been linked to poor pen hygiene, making farmers reluctant to use straw and has largely not been implemented in commercial farming worldwide. Straw is a beneficial enrichment material for pigs, shown to improve welfare and reduce abnormal behaviour such as tail biting. Results: This study investigates the impact of straw on pig and pen hygiene in pens with partly slatted floor in three grower and four finishing pig batches on five commercial farms (2329 pigs, 211 pens) in Sweden which were providing straw daily. Each batch was divided into two treatments; Control: 50-600g straw/pen/day based on the farm normal straw ration; and Extra straw; (=doubled Control ration). The pens were scored based on cleanliness of the pigs, solid and slatted pen floor every second week. The pig and pen hygiene were mostly scored as clean in both treatments, overall around 1% of the observations were considered dirty/soiled. Conclusions: As very few pens or pigs were considered dirty, it was concluded that straw provision is possible without risking poor pig and pen hygiene. Few observations in this study were considered dirty regardless of amount of straw that was provided, and had likely to do with other factors in the production rather than straw ration. These results implies that straw could be used in partly slatted pens in order to improve pig environment but more research is needed to quantify the impact of other external factors related to climate (e.g. temperature, humidity, velocity).
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