| 1. |
- Bergvall, Hillevi, et al.
(författare)
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Development of competence in cognitive behavioural therapy and the role of metacognition among clinical psychology and psychotherapy students
- 2023
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Ingår i: Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 1352-4658 .- 1469-1833. ; 51:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:There is a paucity of research on therapist competence development following extensive training in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). In addition, metacognitive ability (the knowledge and regulation of ones cognitive processes) has been associated with learning in various domains but its role in learning CBT is unknown. Aims:To investigate to what extent psychology and psychotherapy students acquired competence in CBT following extensive training, and the role of metacognition. Method:CBT competence and metacognitive activity were assessed in 73 psychology and psychotherapy students before and after 1.5 years of CBT training, using role-plays with a standardised patient. Results:Using linear mixed modelling, we found large improvements of CBT competence from pre- to post-assessment. At post-assessment, 72% performed above the competence threshold (36 points on the Cognitive Therapy Scale-Revised). Higher competence was correlated with lower accuracy in self-assessment, a measure of metacognitive ability. The more competent therapists tended to under-estimate their performance, while less competent therapists made more accurate self-assessments. Metacognitive activity did not predict CBT competence development. Participant characteristics (e.g. age, clinical experience) did not moderate competence development. Conclusions:Competence improved over time and most students performed over the threshold post-assessment. The more competent therapists tended to under-rate their competence. In contrast to what has been found in other learning domains, metacognitive ability was not associated with competence development in our study. Hence, metacognition and competence may be unrelated in CBT or perhaps other methods are required to measure metacognition.
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| 2. |
- Dillner, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and risk of past or future sick leave
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent that antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 may protect against future virus-associated disease is unknown. We invited all employees (n=15,300) at work at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden to participate in a study examining SARS-Cov-2 antibodies in relation to registered sick leave. For consenting 12,928 healthy hospital employees antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 could be determined and compared to participant sick leave records. Subjects with viral serum antibodies were not at excess risk for future sick leave (adjusted odds ratio (OR) controlling for age and sex: 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) (0.85 (0.43-1.68)]. By contrast, subjects with antibodies had an excess risk for sick leave in the weeks prior to testing [adjusted OR in multivariate analysis: 3.34 (2.98-3.74)]. Thus, presence of viral antibodies marks past disease and protection against excess risk of future disease. Knowledge of whether exposed subjects have had disease in the past or are at risk for future disease is essential for planning of control measures.Trial registration: First registered on 02/06/20, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04411576.
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| 3. |
- Elfstrom, K. Miriam, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-3355. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthcare workers (HCWs) are a risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but which healthcare work that conveys risk and to what extent such risk can be prevented is not clear. Starting on April 24th, 2020, all employees at work (n = 15,300) at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden were invited and 92% consented to participate in a SARS-CoV-2 cohort study. Complete SARS-CoV-2 serology was available for n = 12,928 employees and seroprevalences were analyzed by age, sex, profession, patient contact, and hospital department. Relative risks were estimated to examine the association between type of hospital department as a proxy for different working environment exposure and risk for seropositivity, adjusting for age, sex, sampling week, and profession. Wards that were primarily responsible for COVID-19 patients were at increased risk (adjusted OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.65-2.32) with the notable exception of the infectious diseases and intensive care units (adjusted OR 0.86 (95% CI 0.66-1.13)), that were not at increased risk despite being highly exposed. Several units with similar types of work varied greatly in seroprevalences. Among the professions examined, nurse assistants had the highest risk (adjusted OR 1.62 (95% CI 1.38-1.90)). Although healthcare workers, in particular nurse assistants, who attend to COVID-19 patients are a risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection, several units caring for COVID-19 patients had no excess risk. Large variations in seroprevalences among similar units suggest that healthcare work-related risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be preventable.
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| 4. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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COSTS FOR REDUCING GHG EMISSIONS FROM ROAD AND AIR TRANSPORT WITH BIOFUELS AND ELECTROFUELS
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 368-372
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential future role of different biofuels, hydrogen, and so-called electrofuels/power-to-X (produced by electricity, water, and carbon dioxide, CO2) in different transportation sectors remains uncertain. The CO2 abatement cost, i.e., the cost for reducing a certain amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is central from a societal and business perspective, the latter specifically in the case of an emission reduction obligation system (like in Germany and Sweden). The abatement cost of a specific fuel value chain depends on the production cost and the GHG reduction provided by the fuel. This paper analyses the CO2 abatement costs for different types of biofuels, biomass-based jet fuels and electrofuels for road transport and aviation, relevant for the Swedish and EU context. Since most assessed alternative fuel pathways achieve substantial GHG emission reduction compared to fossil fuels, the fuel production cost is, in general, more important to achieve a low CO2 abatement cost. The estimated CO2 abatement cost ranges from -0.37 to 4.03 SEK/kgCO2 equivalent. Fuels based on waste feedstock, have a relatively low CO2 abatement cost. Fuel pathways based on electricity or electricity and biomass have relatively high CO2 abatement cost. The CO2 abatement cost for lignocellulosic based pathways generally ends up in between.
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| 5. |
- Hansson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Costs for reducing GHG emissions from road and air transport with biofuels and electrofuels
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Renewable fuels for transport are needed to reach future climate targets. However, the potential future role of different biofuels, hydrogen, and electrofuels (produced by electricity, water, and CO2) in different transportation sectors remains uncertain. Increased knowledge about the preconditions for different renewable fuels for road and air transport to contribute to the transformation of the transport sector is needed to ensure the transformation is done in a climate- and cost-effective way. The CO2 abatement cost, i.e., the cost of reducing a certain amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is central from both a societal and business perspective, the latter partly due to the design of the Swedish reduction obligation system.The abatement cost of a specific fuel value chain depends on the fuel production cost and the GHG reduction provided by the fuel. This report provides an updated summary of the CO2 abatement costs for various types of biofuels and electrofuels for road transport and aviation, relevant in a Swedish context. Fuel production costs and GHG performance (well to wheel) for the selected renewable fuel pathways are mapped based on published data. The estimated CO2 abatement cost ranges from -0.37 to 4.03 SEK/kg CO2-equivalent. Methane from anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge and ethanol from fermentation of sugarcane and maize end up with negative CO2 abatement cost given the assumptions made, meaning it is more economically beneficial to use than its fossil counterpart.Electrofuels pathways (particularly diesel and aviation fuels) have, on the other hand, relatively high CO2 abatement costs. Also, so-called bio-electrofuels produced from biogenic excess CO2 from biofuel production and electricity linked to biofuel production generally have higher CO2 abatement costs than the corresponding forest biomass-based biofuel pathway. For forest biomass-based biofuels, bio-electrofuels and electrofuels, methanol, and methane pathways in general have somewhat lower CO2 abatement costs than hydrocarbon-based fuels (gasoline, diesel, and aviation fuel).Since most of the assessed renewable fuel pathways achieve substantial GHG emission reduction compared to fossil fuels, the fuel production cost is, in general, more important than the GHG performance to achieve a low CO2 abatement cost. The production cost for fossil fuels also influences the CO2 abatement cost to a large extent. More estimates of cost and GHG performance for gasification of waste-based pathways are needed and for certain pathways under development (e.g., including hydropyrolysis).
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| 6. |
- Henningsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Prehospital monitoring of cerebral circulation during out of hospital cardiac arrest ? : A feasibility study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 30:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAbout two-thirds of the in-hospital deaths after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) are a consequence of anoxic brain injuries, which are due to hypoperfusion of the brain during the cardiac arrests. Being able to monitor cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is desirable to evaluate the effectiveness of the CPR and to guide further decision making and prognostication.MethodsTwo different devices were used to measure regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2): INVOS™ 5100 (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and Root® O3 (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA). At the scene of the OHCA, advanced life support (ALS) was immediately initiated by the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel. Sensors for measuring rSO2 were applied at the scene or during transportation to the hospital. rSO2 values were documented manually together with ETCO2 (end tidal carbon dioxide) on a worksheet specially designed for this study. The study worksheet also included a questionnaire for the EMS personnel with one statement on usability regarding potential interference with ALS.ResultsTwenty-seven patients were included in the statistical analyses. In the INVOS™5100 group (n = 13), the mean rSO2 was 54% (95% CI 40.3–67.7) for patients achieving a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and 28% (95% CI 12.3–43.7) for patients not achieving ROSC (p = 0.04). In the Root® O3 group (n = 14), the mean rSO2 was 50% (95% CI 46.5–53.5) and 41% (95% CI 36.3–45.7) (p = 0.02) for ROSC and no ROSC, respectively. ETCO2 values were not statistically different between the groups. The EMS personnel graded the statement of interference with ALS to a median of 2 (IQR 1–6) on a 10-point Numerical Rating Scale.ConclusionOur results suggest that both INVOS™5100 and ROOT® O3 can distinguish between ROSC and no ROSC in OHCA, and both could be used in the pre-hospital setting and during transport with minimal interference with ALS.
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| 7. |
- Hober, Sophia, Professor, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical & Translational Immunology. - : Wiley. - 2050-0068. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The COVID-19 pandemic poses an immense need for accurate, sensitive and high-throughput clinical tests, and serological assays are needed for both overarching epidemiological studies and evaluating vaccines. Here, we present the development and validation of a high-throughput multiplex bead-based serological assay. Methods. More than 100 representations of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were included for initial evaluation, including antigens produced in bacterial and mammalian hosts as well as synthetic peptides. The five best-performing antigens, three representing the spike glycoprotein and two representing the nucleocapsid protein, were further evaluated for detection of IgG antibodies in samples from 331 COVID-19 patients and convalescents, and in 2090 negative controls sampled before 2020. Results. Three antigens were finally selected, represented by a soluble trimeric form and the S1-domain of the spike glycoprotein as well as by the C-terminal domain of the nucleocapsid. The sensitivity for these three antigens individually was found to be 99.7%, 99.1% and 99.7%, and the specificity was found to be 98.1%, 98.7% and 95.7%. The best assay performance was although achieved when utilising two antigens in combination, enabling a sensitivity of up to 99.7% combined with a specificity of 100%. Requiring any two of the three antigens resulted in a sensitivity of 99.7% and a specificity of 99.4%. Conclusion. These observations demonstrate that a serological test based on a combination of several SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay.
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| 8. |
- Klevebro, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure among hospital healthcare workers in relation to patient contact and type of care
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 49:7, s. 707-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to assess prevalence of IgG antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and factors associated with seropositivity in a large cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: From 11 May until 11 June 2020, 3981 HCWs at a large Swedish emergency care hospital provided serum samples and questionnaire data. Presence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was measured as an indicator of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Results: The total seroprevalence was 18% and increased during the study period. Among the seropositive HCWs, 11% had been entirely asymptomatic. Participants who worked with COVID-19 patients had higher odds for seropositivity: adjusted odds ratio 1.96 (95% confidence intervals 1.59–2.42). HCWs from three of the departments managing COVID-19 patients had significantly higher seroprevalences, whereas the prevalence among HCWs from the intensive care unit (also managing COVID-19 patients) was significantly lower. Conclusions: HCWs in contact with SARS-CoV-2 infected patients had a variable, but on average higher, likelihood for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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| 9. |
- Li, Fangfang
(författare)
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CO2 electrochemical reduction: Techno-economic evaluation and experimental research for producing methanol
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recently, CO2 electrochemical reduction (CO2R) has gained popularity, to cope with the strict environmental rules on greenhouse gas emissions, and to convert CO2 to value-added chemicals/fuels. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been considered as potential media for CO2R owing to their multi-functions in enhancing CO2R solubility and improving CO2R reaction rate and product selectivity. To date, there have been many studies related to CO2R in IL-based systems, which primarily focused on fundamental research to offer findings about CO2R performance and reaction mechanisms, and one article focused on evaluating the economic potential of the stand-alone CO2R process without considering the upstream process or integrating into other processes. In fact, the integration of CO2R with upstream or other production processes will make the evaluation more practically significant, and thus deeper knowledge about the viability of the integrated CO2R process is needed, but relevant work is still lacking. Meanwhile, how to further improve the performance of CO2R is another concern.The goal of this work is to perform systematic studies on techno-economic assessment of the integrated CO2R process and experimental research for producing methanol (CH3OH) with ILsas electrolytes as the focus, since CH3OH is an important solvent, energy and hydrogen carrier, and feedstock.In the first part, an intensive literature survey was conducted to summarize the research progress, identify the state-of-the-art and provide the research gap for CO2R in the IL-based systems. It shows that the multi-functions as CO2 absorbents, reaction media, and co-catalysts give ILs a distinctive boosting effect on the CO2R performance. But now the research mainly focused on lab-scale experimental studies, while the viability of this technique on a large scale is unclear.In the second part, stand-alone CO2R producing CH3OH with IL as the absorbent and electrolyte was studied and then further integrated with biomass gasification. The economic feasibility and environmental impact were investigated and compared, under current and future conditions. Stand-alone CO2R process shows high total production cost (TPC) due to the high electrolyzer and electricity costs. The TPC could reduce from 1.44 to 1.02 €/kg-CH3OH under the current conditions after integration. Additionally, based on the analysis, electricity for CO2R is the main part of energy usage and dominates the CO2 emission of the integrated process.In the third part, techno-economic analysis of the integrated processes that combined CO2R in IL to produce CO, syngas, and CH3OH with biomass gasification for producing CH3OH was performed and contrasted with stand-alone biomass gasification and CO2R processes. The process that integrated with CO2R to CO was identified as the optimal pathway with the lowest TPC of 0.38 €/kg-CH3OH under the current condition. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that electricity and H2 prices are two key parameters influencing the TPC of the process, which is combined with CO2R to CO followed by hydrogenation to CH3OH; while for the integrated processes with CO2R to syngas and CH3OH, simultaneously reducing stack and electricity prices as well as improving CO2R performance are significant to make these processes viable in the future.In the fourth part, preliminary experimental research on CO2R to CH3OH with various catalysts in IL-based electrolytes was conducted to evaluate the influence of catalysts and ILs on the CO2R performance. It was found that CO2R to CH3OH by using copper-deposited nickel foam (CuNi) showed the optimal performance with current density and Faradic efficiency of CH3OH of 14 mA/cm2 and 46.31% under -1.7 V vs Ag/Ag+, respectively.
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| 10. |
- Li, Fangfang, et al.
(författare)
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Combination of CO2 electrochemical reduction and biomass gasification for producing methanol : A techno-economic assessment
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining CO2 electrochemical reduction (CO2R) and biomass gasification for producing methanol (CH3OH) is a promising option to increase the carbon efficiency, reduce total production cost (TPC), and realize the utilization of byproducts of CO2R system, but its viability has not been studied. In this work, systematic techno-economic assessments for the processes that combined CO2R to produce CO/syngas/CH3OH with biomass gasification were conducted and compared to stand-alone biomass gasification and CO2R processes, to identify the benefits and analyze the commercialization potential of different pathways under current and future conditions. The results demonstrated that the process that combined biomass gasification with CO2R to CO represents a viable pathway with a competitive TPC of 0.39 €/kg-CH3OH under the current condition. For all the combined cases, electricity usage for CO2R accounts for 36–76% of total operating cost, which plays a key role for TPC. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that the process that combined biomass gasification with CO2R to CO is sensitive to the price of electricity, while both CO2R performance and prices of stack and electricity are important for the processes that combined with CO2R to syngas/CH3OH.
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