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- Nilsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of smoking cessation on insulin and cardiovascular risk factors--a controlled study of 4 months' duration
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 240:4, s. 189-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects on serum lipids, plasma fibrinogen, plasma insulin, plasma C-peptide and blood glucose, of smoking cessation after 4 months. To develop a group-based smoking intervention programme in primary health care. SETTING: Twenty health centres in primary health care in southern Sweden. SUBJECTS: Four hundred habitual smokers (> 10 cigarettes per day-1, > 10 years), recruited by advertisement in local papers. INTERVENTION: The smokers were randomized, after stratification for age and sex, to one intervention group (n = 200) and one control group (n = 200). The intervention group was offered supportive group sessions and free nicotine supplementation (patches, chewing gum). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All participants were investigated at the start and after 4 months (medical history, physical examination, laboratory evaluation). Blood samples were drawn for determination of glucose, insulin and C-peptide, both in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and for measurement of lipoproteins, fibrinogen, nicotine and cotinine. RESULTS: In the intervention group 98 of the subjects (48%) had quit smoking after 4 months. They were compared with the 156 subjects in the control group (91%) who were still daily smokers during the whole period. There were no significant differences in any variable between the two (total) experimental groups at baseline. Plasma nicotine and cotinine decreased (P < 0.001) in the intervention group following smoking cessation, and weight increased by 2.7 kg. In the intervention group HDL-cholesterol increased by 11% (P < 0.001), whereas HbA1c increased by 2% (P < 0.05) only in the control group. No changes occurred in levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide and fibrinogen. CONCLUSION: The smoking cessation programme had a success rate of almost 50% over 4 months. Smoking cessation was associated with a marked increase in HDL-cholesterol levels but did not affect glucose tolerance. A concomitant weight increase may have blunted any independent beneficial effect of smoking cessation on glucose metabolism.
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| 2. |
- Agardh, Carl-David, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of treatment with estrogens and estramustine phosphate on platelet aggregation and plasma lipoproteins in non-disseminated prostatic carcinoma
- 1984
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - 1527-3792. ; 132:5, s. 1021-1024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The treatment of prostatic carcinoma with estrogens is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular as well as thromboembolic complications. In the present study, patients harboring highly or moderately differentiated prostatic carcinoma without signs of metastases were treated with either polyestradiolphosphate + etinylestradiol, estramustine phosphate or given no treatment. Subsequently, these patients were investigated regarding factors (platelet aggregation, plasma and platelet phospholipid composition and lipoprotein patterns) that might contribute to increased thrombogenesis and cardiovascular risk. The results indicate the presence of increased in vitro platelet aggregation in patients treated with polyestradiolphosphate + etinylestradiol compared to those treated with estramustine phosphate or given no treatment. A possible relationship between the availability of arachidonic acid in platelet membrane phospholipids and in vitro platelet aggregation is suggested. On the other hand the alterations in plasma lipoproteins observed during treatment are generally considered positive from an atherogenic point of view and do not seem relevant to the elevated incidence of cardiovascular disease in these patients.
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| 5. |
- Christiansson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Expanding environmental Perspectives
- 1994
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Ingår i: Expanding environmental perspectives : lessons of the past, prospects for the future. - 917966279X ; , s. 119-142
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Engevall, Stefan, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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The traveling salesman game : An application of cost allocation in a gas and oil company
- 1998
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Ingår i: Annals of Operations Research. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0254-5330 .- 1572-9338. ; 82, s. 203-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, a cost allocation problem that arises in a distribution planning situation atthe Logistics Department at Norsk Hydro Olje AB is studied. A specific tour is considered,for which the total distribution cost is to be divided among the customers that are visited.This problem is formulated as a traveling salesman game, and cost allocation methods basedon different concepts from cooperative game theory, such as the nucleolus, the Shapleyvalue and the t-value, are discussed. Additionally, a new concept is introduced: the demandnucleolus. Computational results for the Norsk Hydro case are presented and discussed.
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| 10. |
- Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Somatic nerve stimulation and cholera-induced net fluid secretion in the small intestine of the rat: evidence for an opioid effect.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of the autonomic nervous system. - 0165-1838. ; 78:1, s. 18-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of somatic nerve stimulation on cholera toxin induced secretion was investigated in vivo in anaesthetised rats. Small intestinal secretion was induced with cholera toxin and measured by a gravimetric technique. Afferent stimulation (pulse frequency within train; 100 Hz; train duration: 50 ms; train frequency: 3 Hz) of the sciatic nerve over 30 min significantly reduced the net fluid secretion both during (P < 0.05) and after cessation of the stimulation (P < 0.01). The greatest effect was obtained immediately after the termination of the nerve stimulation when the secretion was reversed to net fluid absorption. The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (10 mg kg(-1) i.v.) administrated during the stimulation, significantly inhibited the antisecretory effect seen after the stimulation, thus no significant difference was seen between the control period and the periods after cessation of the stimulation. The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone methiodide (10 mg kg(-1) i.v.), which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, partly inhibited the antisecretory effects but not with the same magnitude as naloxone, thus the net fluid secretion was still significantly inhibited after the stimulation (P < 0.05). We conclude that afferent stimulation of the sciatic nerve strongly inhibits the cholera toxin induced secretion in the small intestine. This inhibition involves primarily a central opioid mechanism and to a lesser extent peripheral opioid mechanism.
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