| 1. |
- Andersson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Cancerframkallande ämnen i tätortsluft Lindesberg 2005/2006
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den allmänna befolkningens exponering för bensen, butadien, formaldehyd,kvävedioxid samt partiklar PM 2,5 i Lindesberg har studerats från oktober 2005till och med januari 2006. Totalt ingick 40 personer och 60 personburna mätningar(exponeringsmätningar) av olika cancerframkallande ämnen genomfördes isjudygnsperioder. Ökat intresse för de partikulära luftföroreningarnas betydelsevid bland annat hjärt-kärlsjuklighet innebar att mätningar av partiklar PM 2,5genomfördes stationärt i hemmen under 2 dygn. Parallellt med exponeringsmätningarnagenomfördes även bakgrundsmätningar av samtliga ämnen vidbyggnaden där Bergslagens Miljö- och Byggförvaltning är inhysta (Kungsgatan)och vid trafikerad gata på Räddningstjänstens tak (Kristinavägen) av samtligaämnen med mätperiod totalt uppgående till fem veckor. Liknande studier i störretätorter har tidigare genomförts i Göteborg, Umeå, Stockholm och Malmö.Resultaten från undersökningarna i Lindesberg kan sammanfattas i följande tabell:Lufthalter för olika ämnen i Lindesbergs kommun hösten 2005Ämne Personburna mätningar Bakgrundsmätningarμg/m³Kristinavägenμg/m³Kungsgatanμg/m³Bensen1,6 0,4 0,4Butadien0,5 0,04 0,05Formaldehyd27 3 2Kvävedioxid6 10 7Partiklar PM 2,59,3 9 9,7Vi har inte kunnat konstatera någon säkerställd påverkan på lufthalter av enskildamiljöfaktorer eller levnadsmönster. För enskilda individer sågs god korrelationmellan lufthalter vid olika mätomgångar. Skillnader i exponering kunde intekonstateras då rökvanor eller boendeform jämfördes, för pendlare sågs dockskillnader i bensen-, butadien- och kvävedioxidexponering.Korrelationen mellan exponeringsmätningar och bakgrundsmätningar var låg församtliga ämnen utom för bensen, motsvarande samvariation mellan olika ämnen ienskilt prov erhölls endast för bensen och butadien.De uppmätta lufthalterna av olika ämnen i Lindesbergs kommun är väl i nivå medde olika nationella och internationella rikt- och gränsvärden som finns antagna.
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| 2. |
- Davies, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptual change across the disciplines : Researching students’ conceptions of allocation as part of conceptual development in economics.
- 2008
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Ingår i: 6th international conference on Conceptual Change..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on Conceptual Change has paid relatively less attention to the social than to the physical science domain. In particular, research on conceptual change in economic understanding has been fairly sparse and loosely connected. Given the potential significance of citizen’s economic understanding in delimiting government responses to globalisation (Davies 2006) this topic is worthy of further study. This paper reports on a small project in economics that investigates conceptions about the provision of free goods and services, drawing on evidence from students in different age groups. The paper considers previous work ( Furnham 1994), Leister & Halamachi 2006) of studies younger students, as well as the work within phenomenography (Marton), and students’ development of understanding of price. Results from this work conclude that :price, context, inconsistency, important in rel to citizenship.
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| 3. |
- Davies, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The application of variation theory in undergraduate teaching: addressing some difficulties in the context of students’ understanding of saving.
- 2008
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Ingår i: 3rd international conference of the Phenomenography and Variation Theory Special Interest Group..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports some findings from a small project that aims to address three difficulties that limit the application of variation theory in the teaching of some subjects. The first difficulty is reliance upon intensive methods to uncover different ways in which a phenomenon is understood. For example, phenomenographic research has suggested categorical differences in ways of understanding only a few phenomena in economics and, as far as we are aware, none at all in business studies. A second difficulty lies in the identification of a phenomenon. Current teaching frequently presents a way of understanding a phenomenon as the phenomenon itself. ‘Today we are going to learn about product life cycles’. In these circumstances it is not always a straightforward matter to identify the phenomenon. A third difficulty lies in variation in the ways in which different social phenomena can be experienced.The project examined students’ understanding of ‘withdrawals from the economy’. Data were collected through interviews and students’ examination answers. The interviews focused on the effects of changes in saving, first at an individual and then at a collective level. Interview transcripts were analysed by the three researchers to identify differences in ways of understanding the phenomenon of saving and these categories were then compared with those arising from the examination transcripts. These data are used to provide a basis for the discussion of the three difficulties identified above
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| 4. |
- Hagström, Katja, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to wood dust, resin acids and volatile organic compounds during production of wood pellets
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. - Philadelphia, PA : Taylor and Francis. - 1545-9624 .- 1545-9632. ; 5:5, s. 296-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of this study was to investigate exposure to airborne substances that are potentially harmful to health during the production of wood pellets, including wood dust, monoterpenes, and resin acids, and as an indicator of diesel exhaust nitrogen dioxide. In addition, area measurements were taken to assess background exposure levels of these substances, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide. Measurements were taken at four wood pellet production plants from May 2004 to April 2005. Forty-four workers participated in the study, and a total of 68 personal measurements were taken to determine personal exposure to wood dust (inhalable and total dust), resin acids, monoterpenes, and nitrogen dioxide. In addition, 42 measurements of nitrogen dioxide and 71 measurements of total dust, resin acids, monoterpenes, VOCs, and carbon monoxide were taken to quantify their indoor area concentrations. Personal exposure levels to wood dust were high, and a third of the measured levels of inhalable dust exceeded the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 2 mg/m3. Parallel measurements of inhalable and total dust indicated that the former were, on average, 3.2 times higher than the latter. The data indicate that workers at the plants are exposed to significant amounts of the resin acid 7-oxodehydroabietic acid in the air, an observation that has not been recorded previously at wood processing and handling plants. The study also found evidence of exposure to dehydroabietic acid, and exposure levels for resin acids approached 74% of the British OEL for colophony, set at 50 microg/m3. Personal exposure levels to monoterpenes and nitrogen dioxide were low. Area sampling measurements indicated that aldehydes and terpenes were the most abundant VOCs, suggesting that measuring personal exposure to aldehydes might be of interest. Carbon monoxide levels were under the detection limit in all area measurements. High wood dust exposure levels are likely to have implications for worker health; therefore, it is important to reduce exposure to wood dust in this industry.
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| 5. |
- Hagström, Katja, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Variability and determinants of wood dust and resin acid exposure during wood pellet production : measurement strategies and bias in assessing exposure-response relationships
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 52:8, s. 685-694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production of wood pellets is a relatively new and expanding industry in which the exposure profiles differ from those in other wood-processing industries like carpentries and sawmills where there are lower levels of wood dust. Sixty-eight personal exposure measurements of wood dust (inhalable and total dust) and resin acids were collected for 44 participants at four production plants located in Sweden. Results were used to estimate within- and between-worker variability and to identify uniformly exposed groups and determinants of exposure. In addition, overexposure, whether the risk of the long-term mean exposure of a randomly selected worker exceeding the occupational exposure limit is acceptably low, was calculated as well as the underestimation of the exposure–response relationship (attenuation). Greater variability in exposure between work shifts than between workers was observed with the within-worker variation accounting for 57–99% of the total variance in the individual-based model. Several uniformly exposed groups were detected but were mostly associated with a between-worker variation of zero which is an underestimation of the between-worker variation but an indication of uniformly exposed groups. Cleaning was identified as a work task that increases exposure slightly; so reducing workers’ exposure during this operation is advisable. The levels of wood dust were high and were found to pose unacceptable risks of overexposure at all plants for inhalable dust and at three out of four plants for total dust. These findings show that exposure to dust needs to be reduced in this industry. For resin acids, the exposure was classed as acceptable at all plants. According to an individual-based model constructed from the data, the level of attenuation was high, and thus there would be substantial bias in derived dose–response relationships.
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| 6. |
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| 8. |
- Lundholm, Cecilia
(författare)
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Conceptual change and values : An intentional approach to understanding students’ learning in economics.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Division on Learning and Instruction: Cognitive, Social, and Motivational Processes, New York..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents findings from a research project on conceptual change and the affective domain, an increasing area of research interest. The study presented comprised interviews conducted with master students who studied economics, having a degree in biology. The results show that students’ prior knowledge, values, professional aims and conceptions of society cause difficulties in understanding economical concepts. From an educational point of view the key points in the paper are that students’ learning difficulties can be as much due to issues of values and the social and cultural setting, as to cognition. The paper gives an account of these aspects explicitly, however, from a teaching perspective these are often hidden and unknown.
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| 9. |
- Lundholm, Cecilia
(författare)
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Contextualisation and learning in economics : An intentional perspective on the role of values.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Symposia Exploring “Hot” Conceptual Change: Affect, Emotions, Values, Self-Efficacy and Epistemic Beliefs..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports research findings from a project focussing the way values influence learning and conceptual change in the social science subject of economics. Interviews were conducted, focussing students’ experiences of learning in economics, with 11 (all) students who were in their first week of a masters course on ‘Sustainable enterprising’, at Stockholm University. The 11 students were chosen due to their various educational backgrounds in biology and economics: two students had degrees in economics, and among the remaining 9 students, 5 had a degree in biology followed by courses in economics. The results of the analysis draw on inferences made from an intentional perspective, that is, a perspective that takes into account the students’ aims defined as ‘projects’. First, the results show that economics concepts and theories were interpreted in a societal context as values in monetary terms were viewed in line with a dominant discourse in society, to which the students opposed. Secondly, when elaborating on what (natural objects and processes) in an economical context, the concepts price and pricing became challenging in relation to the consequences: not capturing important features necessary for environmental maintenance. In relation to previous studies of learning in economics (e.g. Pang & Marton, 2005) this is of particular interest, as the ‘what’ in pricing has not been acknowledged. Importantly, these students succeeded in learning, which can be explained by their professional aims, their ‘project’. The paper finalises by discussing findings in relation to the “warming trend” (Sinatra, 2005) in conceptual change research.
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| 10. |
- Lundholm, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Developing lenses for understanding environmental learning.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Ecological and Environmental Education SIG, New York..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the process and presents results of qualitative research synthesis conducted through a two-year international collaboration. Findings are drawn together from a wide range of research on students’ environmental learning and experiences, with particular reference to three studies conducted in England and Sweden with secondary school pupils and university students. As well as similarities in students experiences of the curriculum, interesting differences also emerged. The synthesis is framed around three lenses which capture different aspects of learning and students’ experiences; (i) values and emotions, (ii) student-teacher relations, and (iii) questioning relevance. The lenses are of relevance to practitioners in environmental education, offering conceptual frameworks relating to current research and enhancing our theoretical understanding of environmental learning.
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