| 1. |
- Almqvist, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Season of birth, childhood asthma and allergy in a nationwide cohort : Mediation through lower respiratory infections
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - Stockholm : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 50:2, s. 222-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested an association between season of birth and risk of childhood asthma and allergic disease. The association may be modified by birth year and region, or mediated by respiratory tract infections.ObjectiveWe aimed to estimate the association between season of birth and risk of childhood asthma/wheeze or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in a population‐based setting, and the mediating effect of lower respiratory infections.MethodsTwo population‐based cohorts were identified from the nationwide Swedish Medical Birth, Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers. The association between birth month/season and asthma/wheeze incidence was analysed using Cox proportional regression in the younger cohort born 2005‐2010 (n = 582 494) and asthma/allergic rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence during the 7th year of life using log‐binomial models in the older cohort born 2001‐2004 (n = 367 583). Interactions were formally tested. Mediation analyses to address the effect of lower respiratory infections were performed in the older cohort using the R package “medflex.”ResultsChildren born during fall and winter had an increased risk of asthma/wheeze after 2 years of age in the younger cohort: hazard ratio 1.24 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.17, 1.33) for winter and risk of prevalent asthma during their 7th year of life in the older cohort; prevalence ratio (PR) 1.12 (95% CI 1.08, 1.16) for winter. These estimates were partly mediated by lower respiratory infections; the indirect effect for winter compared with summer was PR 1.03 (95% CI 1.03, 1.04). The association was similar for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the 7th year of life, but not mediated by respiratory infections.ConclusionWe found that the association between season of birth and risk of childhood asthma/wheeze, but not allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, is partly mediated through lower respiratory infections.Clinical relevanceThis has important implications for patient care, such as asthma management programmes to notify timing of seasonality for viral respiratory tract infections.
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| 2. |
- Arrhenius, Mattias, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Causes, processes and consequences of earthquakes. Investigating Swedish 12-13-year old students’ geographical understanding
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education. - : Routledge. - 1038-2046 .- 1747-7611.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate students’ conceptions of causes, processes and consequences of earthquakes and to examine their geographical understanding of such hazards in terms of spatial and societal-nature relations. Data consists of 134 responses from 12 to 13-year-old students who had completed an assignment in the Swedish national test in geography (2013). The responses were analysed using content and thematic analyses. Data was complemented with interviews. Results show that many students hold alternative conceptions of processes causing earthquakes at different plate boundaries, and why poor societies are more severely affected by earthquakes than rich societies. Furthermore, results show that students have a limited understanding of the extent and location of earthquakes in the world. We conclude that instruction aiming to develop students’ understanding of earthquakes as a geographical phenomenon and hazard may integrate map-reasoning skills with examples that support contextual thinking. We also suggest that in order to develop students’ relational thinking on society and nature, instruction can utilise the concept of “capital”. Furthermore, teaching needs to take in to account and design instruction to meet students’ alternative conceptions that societal consequences of earthquakes are solely predetermined by natural factors such as climate or heat.
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| 3. |
- Arrhenius, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish 12-13 Year-Old Students' Geographical Understanding of the Gulf Stream
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of geography (Houston). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0022-1341 .- 1752-6868. ; 121:1, s. 5-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate students' understanding of the Gulf Stream as a geographical phenomenon and in relation to geospatial conceptualizations focusing on the geographical concepts of location, distribution and interaction. Data consists of 134 responses from 12-13-year-old students who completed an assignment in the Swedish national test in geography (2013). The responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. Data was complemented with interviews in 2017. Results show that many students hold alternative conceptions of the Gulf Stream in relation to geographical concepts, which implies that instruction should focus on students' geographical contextual understanding, including map-reasoning skills.
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Henning, 1974-
(författare)
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Att utveckla mellanstadieelevers kritiska och temporala tänkande : En lärandeverksamhetsteoretisk studie rörande hållbar utveckling
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the study is to investigate what critical and temporal thinking can mean for younger students (aged 9-10) that requires the adoption of various perspectives in the context of sustainable urban planning, and how such knowing can be orchestrated in joint theoretical exploration work. A particular area of interest is the concept of contradictions (as used in activity theory) as a potential didactic tool for the subject, i.e. in what way it can be a driver for students and teachers to jointly identify problems, explore knowledge content with different tools (learning models) and discuss possible creative solutions to environmental and sustainability issues.This study used the learning study research approach. In collaboration with teachers, lessons were designed, analysed and evaluated to extract knowledge through the iterative process that characterises this approach. The design of the research lessons was structured in accordance with Davydov’s theory of learning activity. The students’ experiences were analysed phenomenographically and the analysis of the lessons was guided by Engeström and Sannino’s conceptual tools for how contradictions can manifest themselves (such as in dilemmas, conflicts and double-binds). The results of the study include phenomenographical descriptions of what it means to know how to use a natural site for sustainable urban planning, and what critical aspects students need to be able to discern in order to be competent to participate in such a practice. The results also show that the way contradictions are manifested in joint work (involving teachers and students) affects the form of practice that develops and the opportunities for students to jointly make the problem their own and explore the complexity of sustainable urban planning using mediating tools (learning models).The discussion highlights how the results of the study can be used as tools for designing, implementing and evaluating teaching, and, more broadly, the results are reflected in ways in which the task used in the research lessons can be developed.
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| 5. |
- Brew, Bronwyn K., et al.
(författare)
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Comorbidity of atopic diseases and gastro-oesophageal reflux evidence of a shared cause
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 52:7, s. 868-877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common non-allergic comorbidity in adults with asthma; however, comorbidity with other atopic diseases such as eczema and hay fever is unclear. The objective was to assess the comorbidity of GERD with asthma and atopic diseases and to investigate possible mechanisms, including genetic and/or affective factors.Methods: A co-twin control study harnessing 46 583 adult twins. Questionnaires on health status were linked to national patient and prescribed drug register data. Analyses tested associations of comorbidity between multiple definitions of atopic diseases (self-report and register-based) with GERD. Comparisons were made between unpaired, monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins to assess genetic liability. Affective traits (depression, anxiety and neuroticism) were added to models as possible explanatory factors.Results: The risk of GERD in those with asthma was OR (odds ratio) 1.52 (95% CI 1.38, 1.68), hay fever OR 1.22 (95%CI 1.12, 1.34) and eczema OR 1.23 (95%CI 1.10, 1.38). Adjusting for affective traits completely attenuated the comorbidity associations for hay fever and eczema with GERD, and partly for asthma with GERD. Co-twin control associations attenuated suggesting a shared cause for both GERD and atopic diseases. For example, all twins adjOR 1.32 (95%CI 1.00, 1.74), 0.97 (95% CI 0.76–1.23) and 1.11 (95%CI 0.85–1.45) for self-report asthma, hay fever and eczema with GERD respectively.Conclusions: GERD is a common comorbidity in adults with asthma, hay fever and/or eczema. We found evidence for shared mechanisms suggesting common underlying causes that may involve affective traits requiring further investigation.
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| 6. |
- Brew, Bronwyn K., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal mental health disorders and offspring asthma and allergic diseases : The role of child mental health
- 2024
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Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Munksgaard Forlag. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 35:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Maternal psychological stress during pregnancy and postnatally has been shown to be associated with offspring atopic diseases (asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis). The aim of this study was to assess whether this association may be attributable to the child's own mental health disorders.METHOD: The study population included 15,092 twin children born 2002-2010 in Sweden. Questionnaire data at age 9 years was linked to national patient- and prescription registers. Maternal mental health during pregnancy and 3 years postnatally were identified from diagnosis and medication data (depression, anxiety and stress disorders). Atopic diseases in children were identified from questionnaires, diagnosis and medication data. Child mental health status (depression and anxiety) was identified from questionnaires. Three-way decomposition methods tested for mediation or interaction by child mental health disorders.RESULTS: Maternal mental health disorders were associated with most child atopic diseases including asthma aRR1.36 (95% CI 1.12, 1.60), and child mental health disorders, aRR1.73 (95% CI 1.56, 1.92). Children with mental health disorders were comorbid for atopic diseases with only asthma reaching statistical significance, aRR1.29 (95% CI 1.14, 1.47). Three-way decomposition found that mediation or interaction by child mental health disorders did not account for the mother mental health and child atopy associations except in parent-report asthma, where child mental health disorders mediated 13.4% (95% CI 2.1, 24.7) of the effect, but not for objectively defined (diagnosis and medication) asthma.CONCLUSION: The associations between maternal mental health and child asthma and allergic diseases do not appear to be attributable to child mental health disorders.
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| 7. |
- Caffrey Osvald, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Asthma and all-cause mortality in children and young adults : a population-based study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 75:12, s. 1040-1046
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Studies suggest an increased all-cause mortality among adults with asthma. We aimed to study the relationship between asthma in children and young adults and all-cause mortality, and investigate differences in mortality rate by also having a life-limiting condition (LLC) or by parental socioeconomic status (SES).METHODS: Included in this register-based study are 2 775 430 individuals born in Sweden between January 1986 and December 2012. We identified asthma cases using the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Prescribed Drug Register. Those with LLC were identified using the NPR. Parental SES at birth (income and education) was retrieved from Statistics Sweden. We estimated the association between asthma and all-cause mortality using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Effect modification by LLC or parental SES was studied using interaction terms in the adjusted model.RESULTS: The adjusted hazard rate (adjHR) for all-cause mortality in asthma cases versus non-asthma cases was 1.46 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.62). The highest increased rate appeared to be for those aged 5-15 years. In persons with asthma and without LLC, the adjHR remained increased at 1.33 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.50), but differed (p=0.002) from those with asthma and LLC, with an adjHR of 1.87 (95% CI 1.57 to 2.22). Parental SES did not alter the association (income, p=0.55; education, p=0.83).CONCLUSION: This study shows that asthma is associated with an increased mortality in children and young adults regardless of LLC or parental SES. Further research is warranted to investigate the possible mechanisms for this association.
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| 8. |
- Caffrey Osvald, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Parental socioeconomic status and asthma in children : using a population-based cohort and family design
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 52:1, s. 94-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The observed association between the parental socioeconomic status (SES, measured as education/income) and asthma or wheezing in offspring may be explained by confounding of unmeasured factors (shared genes and family environment). We aimed to study the association between parental SES and asthma/wheeze using cousin-comparison.METHOD: Data was collected on individuals born in Sweden 2001-2013. Parental SES (education and income) was gathered from Statistics Sweden. Asthma/wheeze was identified using national health registers. The association between parental SES at birth and incident asthma/wheeze was estimated using Cox regression also comparing differently exposed cousins. The association between parental SES at five years and current asthma was estimated using logistic regression.RESULTS: Included were 955 371 individuals. Mothers with compulsory school only (lowest education group) compared to those with further education (highest education group) was associated with incident asthma/wheeze below one year of age HRadj=1.45(1.38-1.52) and over one year of age HRadj=1.17(1.13-1.20). The corresponding estimates for the lowest income group were HRadj=1.61(1.54-1.69) and HRadj=0.94(0.92-0.97) respectively. In maternal cousin-comparisons, the associations for asthma/wheeze over one year of age was HRadj=1.21(1.05-1.40) for compulsory school only and HRadj=0.94 (0.84-1.07) for the lowest income group. The ORadj for current asthma at five years was 1.05(1.00-1.11) for mother's compulsory school only and 0.98(0.94-1.02) for mother's lowest income group. Results for estimates were similar for father's SES.CONCLUSION: We confirm an association between low parental SES (measured as education) and asthma/wheeze. Cousin-comparison suggests that this association is not wholly due to confounding of unknown familial factors, therefore supporting a causal relationship. The relationship between parental income and asthma/wheeze is less clear. This study is important for understanding risk factors for asthma/wheeze and for future prevention strategies. Further research is warranted to investigate the possible mechanisms for association between parental education and asthma/wheeze.
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| 9. |
- Davies, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Se ekonomi som system : Ekonomiundervisning för begreppsbildning
- 2023
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Ingår i: SO-didaktik. - 2002-4525. ; :13, s. 54-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I artikeln beskriver vi utmaningar med att förstå begreppet pris i ett system och undervisning som stöder elevers lärande och begreppsbildning. Vi tar också upp att ett begrepp som pris rör politik och politiskt beslutsfattande. Förändring av pris, genom skatt på konsumtion, rör viktiga samhällsutmaningar som klimatförändringar och miljöproblem, ojämlikhet , hälsa och utveckling. SO-didaktik, nummer 13, s. 54-59. Länk för nedladdning: https://issuu.com/so-didaktik/docs/so-didaktik_nummer_13
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| 10. |
- Ekström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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'How Much Politics Is There'? Exploring Students' Experiences of Values and Impartiality from an Epistemic Perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Political Science Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1551-2169 .- 1551-2177. ; 17:SUP1, s. 616-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we report findings of students’ conceptions of values and impartiality in political science teaching in relation to research on epistemic beliefs. This field of research concerns students’ beliefs about the nature of knowledge in different disciplines; beliefs that are central to learning disciplinary knowledge. Interviews were conducted with students after one semester of political science education, focusing on their experiences of values in teaching. Results show that students give contradicting answers regarding values and impartiality in political science teaching. They oscillate between different epistemic beliefs and they have an unclear understanding of the nature of knowledge in the discipline. Questions on the nature and limits of knowledge, therefore, need to be prioritized in political science education. If students are to become literate within their field, they need to become aware of the multiple epistemological underpinnings inherent in the discipline, and the ways these influence the discipline.
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