| 1. |
- Agrenius, Stefan, 1948, et al.
(author)
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Marine Invertebrates
- 2005
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In: The 2005 Red List of Swedish Species. - Uppsala : Artdatabanken, SLU. - 9188506304 ; , s. 409-447
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
- Erlandsson, Karin, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Positive end-expiratory pressure optimization using electric impedance tomography in morbidly obese patients during laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery.
- 2006
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In: Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 50:7, s. 833-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Morbidly obese patients have an increased risk for peri-operative lung complications and develop a decrease in functional residual capacity (FRC). Electric impedance tomography (EIT) can be used for continuous, fast-response measurement of lung volume changes. This method was used to optimize positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to maintain FRC. METHODS: Fifteen patients with a body mass index of 49 +/- 8 kg/m(2) were studied during anaesthesia for laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. Before induction, 16 electrodes were placed around the thorax to monitor ventilation-induced impedance changes. Calibration of the electric impedance tomograph against lung volume changes was made by increasing the tidal volume in steps of 200 ml. PEEP was titrated stepwise to maintain a horizontal baseline of the EIT curve, corresponding to a stable FRC. Absolute FRC was measured with a nitrogen wash-out/wash-in technique. Cardiac output was measured with an oesophageal Doppler method. Volume expanders, 1 +/- 0.5 l, were given to prevent PEEP-induced haemodynamic impairment. RESULTS: Impedance changes closely followed tidal volume changes (R(2) > 0.95). The optimal PEEP level was 15 +/- 1 cmH(2)O, and FRC at this PEEP level was 1706 +/- 447 ml before and 2210 +/- 540 ml after surgery (P < 0.01). The cardiac index increased significantly from 2.6 +/- 0.5 before to 3.1 +/- 0.8 l/min/m(2) after surgery, and the alveolar dead space decreased. P(a)O2/F(i)O2, shunt and compliance remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: EIT enables rapid assessment of lung volume changes in morbidly obese patients, and optimization of PEEP. High PEEP levels need to be used to maintain a normal FRC and to minimize shunt. Volume loading prevents circulatory depression in spite of a high PEEP level.
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| 5. |
- Grivans, Christina, 1963, et al.
(author)
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A Scandinavian survey of drug administration through inhalation, suctioning and recruitment maneuvers in mechanically ventilated patients.
- 2009
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In: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. - : Wiley. - 1399-6576. ; 53:6, s. 710-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim was to describe current practices for drug administration through inhalation, endotracheal suctioning and lung recruitment maneuvers in mechanically ventilated patients in Scandinavian intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS: We invited 161 ICUs to participate in a web-based survey regarding (1) their routine standards and (2) current treatment of ventilated patients during the past 24 h. In order to characterize the patients, the lowest PaO(2) with the corresponding highest FiO(2), and the highest PaO(2) with the corresponding lowest FiO(2) during the 24-h study period were recorded. RESULTS: Eighty-seven ICUs answered and reported 186 patients. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels (cmH(2)O) were 5-9 in 65% and >10 in 31% of the patients. Forty percent of the patients had heated humidification and 50% received inhalation of drugs. Endotracheal suctioning was performed >7 times during the study period in 40% of the patients, of which 23% had closed suction systems. Twenty percent of the patients underwent recruitment maneuvers. The most common recruitment maneuver was to increase PEEP and gradually increase the inspiratory pressure. Twenty-six percent of the calculated PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratios varied >13 kPa for the same patient. CONCLUSION: Frequent use of drug administration through inhalation and endotracheal suctioning predispose to derecruitment of the lungs, possibly resulting in the large variations in PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratios observed during the 24-h study period. Recruitment maneuvers were performed only in one-fifth of the patients during the day of the survey.
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| 6. |
- Hjalmarson, Åke, et al.
(author)
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Recent astronomy highlights from the Odin satellite
- 2005
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In: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 36, s. 1031-1047
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Astronomy highlights, mainly from the third year of Odin observations time shared 50/50% with aeronomy are presented: the very low O2 abundance limits achieved, the highly pressure broadened absorption lines of H2O, H218O, and CO (5 → 4) in the atmosphere of Mars, the high precision H2O and H218O observations of comets, the detections of NH3 and H2O around the C-rich star IRC+10216 (CW Leo) and of H2O around the O-rich star W Hya, NH3 and H2O observations of infall/outflow interactions, observations of H2O, H218O, H217O as well as NH3 and 15NH3 in multiple absorptions towards Sgr B2, and in emission towards Orion KL, the H2O detection of several new outflows in the DR21 W75S region. We also discuss the results of deconvolution of high S/N H2O, CO and 13CO (5 → 4) maps of the Orion KL region to 40″ resolution (the beam size of the Herschel telescope) and the first results from our ongoing “spectral scan” of Orion KL in bands around 555 and 570 GHz. Finally, a search for primordial molecules is presented.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Molecular oxygen in the rho Ophiuchi cloud
- 2007
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In: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 466:3, s. 5-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Molecular oxygen, O2, has been expected historically to be an abundant component of the chemical species in molecular clouds and, as such, an important coolant of the dense interstellar medium. However, a number of attempts from both ground and from space have failed to detect O2 emission.Aims: The work described here uses heterodyne spectroscopy from space to search for molecular oxygen in the interstellar medium. Methods: The Odin satellite carries a 1.1 m sub-millimeter dish and a dedicated 119 GHz receiver for the ground state line of O2. Starting in 2002, the star forming molecular cloud core ρ Oph A was observed with Odin for 34 days during several observing runs.Results: We detect a spectral line at v_LSR =+3.5 km s-1 with Δ v_FWHM=1.5 km s-1, parameters which are also common to other species associated with ρ Oph A. This feature is identified as the O2 (NJ = 11 - 1_0) transition at 118 750.343 MHz.Conclusions: The abundance of molecular oxygen, relative to H{2} , is 5 × 10-8 averaged over the Odin beam. This abundance is consistently lower than previously reported upper limits.Based on observations with Odin, a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes) and Centre National d'Étude Spatiale (CNES). The Swedish Space Corporation has been the industrial prime contractor and also is operating the satellite. Appendix A is only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
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| 8. |
- Lindgren, Sophie, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Regional lung derecruitment after endotracheal suction during volume- or pressure-controlled ventilation: a study using electric impedance tomography
- 2007
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In: Intensive care medicine. - 0342-4642. ; 33:1, s. 172-80
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess lung volume and compliance changes during open- and closed-system suctioning using electric impedance tomography (EIT) during volume- or pressure-controlled ventilation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Experimental study in a university research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Nine bronchoalveolar saline-lavaged pigs. INTERVENTIONS: Open and closed suctioning using a 14-F catheter in volume- or pressure-controlled ventilation at tidal volume 10 ml/kg, respiratory rate 20 breaths/min, and positive end-expiratory pressure 10 cmH2O. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Lung volume was monitored by EIT and a modified N2 washout/-in technique. Airway pressure was measured via a pressure line in the endotracheal tube. In four ventral-to-dorsal regions of interest regional ventilation and compliance were calculated at baseline and 30 s and 1, 2, and 10 min after suctioning. Blood gases were followed. At disconnection functional residual capacity (FRC) decreased by 58+/-24% of baseline and by a further 22+/-10% during open suctioning. Arterial oxygen tension decreased to 59+/-14% of baseline value 1 min after open suctioning. Regional compliance deteriorated most in the dorsal parts of the lung. Restitution of lung volume and compliance was significantly slower during pressure-controlled than volume-controlled ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: EIT can be used to monitor rapid lung volume changes. The two dorsal regions of the lavaged lungs are most affected by disconnection and suctioning with marked decreases in compliance. Volume-controlled ventilation can be used to rapidly restitute lung aeration and oxygenation after lung collapse induced by open suctioning.
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| 9. |
- Lindskog, Stefan, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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A Conceptual Model of Tunable Security Services
- 2006
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In: Wireless Communication Systems, 2006.. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 9781424403981 ; , s. 531-535
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a conceptual model for tunable security services. The aim of the model is to provide a tool that can be used to describe and analyze such services in a structured and consistent way. The proposed model can thus serve as a basis to examine the possibilities available for constructing tunable security services based on current and future networking standards and to identify missing requirements. It can also be used to describe and compare previous research results. In the paper, four different use cases are presented that illustrates the powerfulness of the proposed model.
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| 10. |
- Lindskog, Stefan, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Middleware Support for Tunable Encryption
- 2006
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In: Wireless Information Systems. - Setubal , Portugal : INSTICC Press. - 9789728865481 ; , s. 36-46
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To achieve an appropriate tradeoff between security and performance for wireless applications, a tunable and differential treatment of security is required.In this paper, we present a tunable encryption service designed as a middleware that is based on a selective encryption paradigm. The core component of the middleware provides block-based selective encryption. Although the selection of which data to encrypt is made by the sending application and is typically content-dependent, the representation used by the core component is application and content-independent. This frees the selective decryption module at the receiver from the need for application or content-specific knowledge. The sending application specifies the data to encrypt either directly or through a set of highlevel application interfaces. A prototype implementation of the middleware isdescribed along with an initial performance evaluation. The experimental results demonstrate that the generic middleware service offers a high degree of security adaptiveness at a low cost.
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