| 1. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Political Economy. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0022-3808 .- 1537-534X. ; 120:1, s. 41-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the causal link between the ethnic diversity in a society and its inhabitants' preferences for redistribution. We exploit exogenous variation in immigrant shares stemming from a nationwide program placing refugees in municipalities throughout Sweden during 1985-94 and match data on refugee placement to panel survey data on inhabitants of the receiving municipalities. We find significant, negative effects of increased immigration on the support for redistribution. The effect is especially pronounced among high-income earners. We also establish that estimates from earlier studies failing to identify causal effects are likely to be positively biased (i.e., less negative).
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| 2. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution : Reply
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a comment to Dahlberg, Edmark and Lundqvist (2012), Nekby and Pettersson-Lidbom (2012) argue (i) that the refugee placement program should be measured with contracted rather than actually placed refugees, and claim that the correlation between the two measures is insignificant and close to zero; (ii) that instead of using the rotating individual panel, we should have used the full cross-sections in combination with municipality fixed effects; and (iii) that immigrants should be dened based on country of birth rather than citizenship.In this response, we discuss why we (i) do not agree that contracted refugees is the preferred measure, and we show that the correlation between the two measures is highly significant and large; (ii) do not agree that the full cross-sections can be used; and (iii) do agree that defining immigrants according to country of birth is preferred. In a re-analysis, the conclusion from Dahlberg, Edmark and Lundqvist (2012) that ethnic diversity has a statistically and economically significant negative effect on preferences for redistribution is only marginally affected.
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| 3. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent decades, the immigration of workers and refugees to Europe has increased substantially, and the composition of the population in many countries has consequently become much more heterogeneous in terms of ethnic background. If people exhibit in-group bias in the sense of being more altruistic to one's own kind, such increased heterogeneity will lead to reduced support for redistribution among natives. This paper exploits a nationwide program placing refugees in municipalities throughout Sweden during the period 1985 - 94 to isolate exogenous variation in immigrant shares. We match data on refugee placement to panel survey data on inhabitants of the receiving municipalities to estimate the causal effects of increased immigrant shares on preferences for redistribution. The results show that a larger immigrant population leads to less support for redistribution in the form of preferred social bene t levels. This reduction in support is especially pronounced for respondents with high income and wealth. We also establish that OLS estimators that do not properly deal with endogeneity problems - as in earlier studies - are likely to yield positively biased (i.e., less negative) eects of ethnic heterogeneity on preferences for redistribution.
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| 4. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Inledning
- 2013. - 1
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Ingår i: Välfärdstjänster i privat regi. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186949471 ; , s. 21-32
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Inledning
- 2013. - 1
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Ingår i: Välfärdstjänster i privat regi. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186949471 ; , s. 221-230
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här antologin har vi behandlat privatiseringar inom den svenska välfärdssektorn. Sedan slutet av 1980-talet har Sverige gått från ett nästan helt offentligt produktionssystem till ett system med en blandning av offentliga och privata utförare som konkurrerar med varandra. Valfrihet för brukarna har införts på flera områden. Vi har beskrivit hur framväxten av privat välfärdsproduktion sett ut och analyserat några centrala drivkrafter bakom denna utveckling.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Dunberger, Gail, et al.
(författare)
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Lower limb lymphedema in gynecological cancer survivors-effect on daily life functioning.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7339 .- 0941-4355. ; 21:11, s. 3063-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lower limb lymphedema (LLL) is a common condition after pelvic cancer treatment but few studies have evaluated its effect on the quality of life and its consequences on daily life activities among gynecological cancer survivors.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Neurofunctional endpoints assessed in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells for estimation of acute systemic toxicity
- 2010
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Ingår i: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-008X .- 1096-0333. ; 245:2, s. 191-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the EU-funded integrated project ACuteTox is to develop a strategy in which general cytotoxicity, together with organ-specific toxicity and biokinetic features, are used for the estimation of human acute systemic toxicity. Our role in the project is to characterise the effect of reference chemicals with regard to neurotoxicity. We studied cell membrane potential (CMP), noradrenalin (NA) uptake, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, acetylcholine receptor (AChR) signalling and voltage-operated calcium channel (VOCC) function in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells after exposure to 23 pharmaceuticals, pesticides or industrial chemicals. Neurotoxic alert chemicals were identified by comparing the obtained data with cytotoxicity data from the neutral red uptake assay in 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Furthermore, neurotoxic concentrations were correlated with estimated human lethal blood concentrations (LC50). The CMP assay was the most sensitive assay, identifying eight chemicals as neurotoxic alerts and improving the LC50 correlation for nicotine, lindane, atropine and methadone. The NA uptake assay identified five neurotoxic alert chemicals and improved the LC50 correlation for atropine, diazepam, verapamil and methadone. The AChE, AChR and VOCC assays showed limited potential for detection of acute toxicity. The CMP assay was further evaluated by testing 36 additional reference chemicals. Five neurotoxic alert chemicals were generated and orphendrine and amitriptyline showed improved LC50 correlation. Due to the high sensitivity and the simplicity of the test protocol, the CMP assay constitutes a good candidate assay to be included in an in vitro test strategy for prediction of acute systemic toxicity.
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| 9. |
- Lundqvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Improved self-awareness and coping strategies for patients with acquired brain injury-A group therapy programme
- 2010
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Ingår i: Brain Injury. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0269-9052 .- 1362-301X. ; 24:6, s. 823-832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary objective: This study evaluates the effects of a group therapy programme for anticipatory self-awareness and coping strategies. Design: The study includes methodological triangulation using three methods to gather data: an overall self-report questionnaire, Self Regulation Skills Interview (SRSI) and focus group interview. Subjects: Twenty-one individuals with acquired brain injury participated in a group therapy programme. Methods: A self-report questionnaire developed and used especially for evaluation of the described intervention was used at the end of the last session of the group therapy programme. The Self Regulation Skills Interview-SRSI, was used within 2 weeks before and after the subjects participated in one group program. Three Focus groups were used as a third method for data collection. The Focus group interviews were accomplished 1 month after each group programme. Results: The individuals increased their self-awareness and strategy behaviour significantly. Participating in the group therapy programme had had an effect on their life and work situation and on their self-confidence. Conclusions: A structured group therapy programme helps patients with acquired brain injury understand the consequences of their neuropsychological deficits, helps them improve awareness of their impairments and helps them develop coping strategies.
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| 10. |
- Lundqvist, Heléne, 1982-
(författare)
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Empirical Essays in Political and Public Economics
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four self-contained essays. Essay 1: Despite the key role played by political payoffs in theory, very little is known empirically about the types of payoffs that motivate politicians. The purpose of this paper is to bring light onto this. I estimate causal effects of being elected in a local election on monetary returns. The claim for causality, I argue, can be made thanks to a research design where the income of some candidate who just barely won a seat is compared to that of some other candidate who was close to winning a seat for the same party, but ultimately did not. This research design is made possible thanks to a comprehensive, detailed data set covering all Swedish politicians who have run for office in the period 1991—2006. I establish that monetary returns are absent both in the short and long run. In stead, politicians seem to be motivated by non-monetary payoffs that can be realized with a successful political career. Essay 2 (with Matz Dahlberg and Karin Edmark): In recent decades, the immigration of workers and refugees toEurope has increased substantially, and the composition of the population in many countries has consequently become much more heterogeneous in terms of ethnic background. If people exhibit in-group bias in the sense of being more altruistic to one's own kind, such increased heterogeneity will lead to reduced support for redistribution among natives. This paper exploits a nationwide program placing refugees in municipalities throughoutSweden during the period 1985—94 to isolate exogenous variation in immigrant shares. We match data on refugee placement to panel survey data on inhabitants of the receiving municipalities to estimate the causal effects of increased immigrant shares on preferences for redistribution. The results show that a larger immigrant population leads to less support for redistribution in the form of preferred social benefit levels. This reduction in support is especially pronounced for respondents with high income and wealth. We also establish that OLS estimators that do not properly deal with endogeneity problems – as in earlier studies – are likely to yield positively biased (i.e., less negative) effects of ethnic heterogeneity on preferences for redistribution. Essay 3: While the literature on how intergovernmental grants affect the budget of receiving jurisdictions is numerous, the very few studies that explicitly deal with likely endogeneity problems focus on grants targeted towards specific sectors or specific type of recipients. The results from these studies are mixed and make it clear that the knowledge about grants effects is to this date still insufficient. This paper contributes to this literature by estimating causal effects on local expenditures and income tax rates of general, non-targeted grants. This is done in a difference-in-difference model utilizing policy-induced increases in grants to a group of remotely populated municipalities inFinland. The robust finding is that increased grants have a negligible effect on local income tax rates, but that there is a substantial positive immediate response in local expenditures. Furthermore, there is no evidence of dynamic crowding-out – i.e., that the immediate response in expenditures is reversed in later years. The flypaper behavior displayed by the treatment group can potentially be explained by “separate mental accounting” – i.e., voters treating the government budget constraint separately from their own. Essay 4 (with Matz Dahlberg and Eva Mörk): Public employment plays an important role in most countries, as it is closely linked to both the quality of publicly provided welfare services and total employment. Large parts of those employed by the public sector are typically employed by lower-level governments, and one potential instrument with which central decision-makers can affect public employment is thus grants to lower-level governments. This paper investigates the effects of general grants on local public employment. Applying the regression kink design to the Swedish grant system, we are able to estimate causal effects of intergovernmental grants on personnel in different local government sectors. Our robust conclusion is that there was a substantial increase in personnel in the central administration after a marginal increase in grants, but that such an effect was lacking both for total personnel and personnel in child care, schools, elderly care, social welfare and technical services. We suggest several potential reasons for these results, such as heterogeneous treatment effects and bureaucratic influence in the local decision-making process.
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