| 1. |
- Andersson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Riskreducerande åtgärder för dödsbränder i bostäder
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Thisreport summarizes the work conducted within the project ”Analysis of physicaldeterminants and technical measures in support of the zero vision” financed bythe Civil Contingency Authority (MSB) in Sweden. The work aims to find measuresto prevent and reduce the number of fatalities in fires in residentialbuildings in a Sweden, a list of such measures is provided in the end of thereport. The list is based on work conducted in several small sub-projects, ashort summary of these is also provided in the report.
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| 2. |
- Lundström, Petra
(författare)
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Physical activity, body composition, inflammation and effects on antioxidative capacity in sedentary adults
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: For the past fifty years part the population has slowly become sedentary to an extent that it is nowadays considered normal behavior. Parallel with sedentary behavior there is an increase in obesity now reaching epidemic level. Metabolic derangements such as diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular diseases has become an economic burden for the modern society. Implementation of training programs for individuals that have been sedentary for years has often been demonstrated inefficient, with few and short-lasting effects. Aim: The primary aim of this thesis was to study effects of increased physical activity at different intensities in distinct sedentary populations. The secondary aim was to investigate if there was a gender difference in adaption to short-term endurance training. Methodology: Study I: Two hundred and twelve (age 45-69 years) sedentary overweight men and women were included. They were classified as normal or impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes type 2. They were randomized into controls or intervention group. The intervention group was instructed to increase their physical activity by walking with poles (Nordic walking) 5 h per week. Questionnaire, blood samples, anthropometric data and results from an exercise test were collected at baseline and after 4 months. Study II: Fourteen healthy (22-30 year-old) sedentary normal weight women and men participated in a 3 weeks endurance training program including 2 supervised sessions per day. The training period was followed by 4 weeks of detraining. Blood samples including total antioxidative capacity (TAOC) and oxidative stress (OS), body composition (BC), anthropometric data and evaluation of work capacity were obtained at baseline, after training and after detraining. Result: Study I: Nordic walking improved waist circumference, body weight and body mass index in the intervention group with normal glucose tolerance. Participants that reported > 80 % adherence to training improved work capacity in terms of work load, VO2 peak, or both, in all groups. Biochemical markers were unaffected. Study II: TAOC levels decreased significantly in women after training, while no change was noted in men. After training both gender showed increased work load, VO2 peak even adjusted for fat-free mass, and ventilation. After detraining, work load and VO2 peak decreased in women. Adjusted VO2 peak decreased also in men but remained higher compared to baseline. Fat-free mass (kg) was higher after detraining compared to baseline in women. Conclusion: Study I: Nordic walking had positive anthropometric effects among those with normal glucose tolerance. It could be applied in clinical practice, but surveillance of training might be necessary to reach optimal results among sedentary individuals. Study II: Female participants were more sedentary and their exercise capacity improved to a greater degree. Their decrease in TAOC might reflect an increased consumption of antioxidants to prevent negative effects of OS. A higher level of daily regular physical activity in men could explain their maintenance of improved VO2peak after detraining.
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| 3. |
- Vermina Lundström, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Faktorer som påverkar en bostadsbrands storlek – analys av försäkringsbolagens data
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Every year, the insurance sector reports 23 000 fire incidents in Sweden. Of these, the fire rescue service are called into 6 000. Since there is little knowledge on the fires that the fire rescue service is not involved in, incident data from insurance companies has been analyzed.One limitation to the results in this report is that the insurance sector’s definition of fire is broad; e.g. short-circuit is regarded a fire incident.Still, the data complies with the statistics from the fire rescue service: Kitchen fires and fire in electric equipment are the most common sources of fire in residential buildings.The cost (property damage) of a fire is also presented. It is seen that the most common fires sources commonly lead to a relatively low economical loss.
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| 4. |
- Vestlund, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Ghrelin and aggressive behaviours—Evidence from preclinical and human genetic studies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 104, s. 80-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Aggressive behaviour is of crucial importance in the defence for limited resources including food and mates and involves central serotonin as well as dopamine signalling. As ghrelin modulates food intake and sexual behaviour we initially investigated the hypothesis that central ghrelin signalling regulates aggressive behaviour in the resident intruder paradigm in male mice. Moreover, interaction between ghrelin signalling and serotonergic, noradrenergic as well as dopaminergic neurotransmission in aggression was investigated. The relevance of ghrelin for human aggression per se as well as for aggression induced by alcohol was evaluated in a human genetic association study comprising young men (n = 784) from the normal population assessed for anti-social behaviours. The present study demonstrates that central ghrelin infusion, but not ghrelin administered systemically, increases aggression. Moreover aggressive behaviour is decreased by pharmacological suppression of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1 A (GHSR-1A) by JMV2959. As indicated by the ex vivo biochemical data serotonin, rather than dopamine or noradrenaline, in amygdala may have central roles for the ability of JMV2959 to reduce aggression. This link between central serotonin, GHSR-1A and aggression is further substantiated by the behavioural data showing that JMV2959 cannot decrease aggression following depletion of central serotonin signalling. The genetic association study demonstrates that males carrying the Leu72Leu genotype of the pre-pro-ghrelin gene and displaying hazardous alcohol use are more aggressive when compared to the group carrying the Met-allele. Collectively, this contributes to the identification of central ghrelin pathway as an important modulator in the onset of aggressive behaviours in male mice.
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