| 1. |
- Langlois, Anthony J., et al.
(författare)
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Competitive Clientalism
- 2009
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Ingår i: Global Democracy and its Difficulties. - : Routledge. - 9780415776523 - 041577652X
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Lust, Ellen, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Elections Under Authoritarianism
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annual review of political science. - 1094-2939 .- 1545-1577. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current scholarship on elections in authoritarian regimes has focused on exploring the relationship between elections and democratization, and it has generally used analytical frameworks and methods imported from the study of genuinely democratic elections to do so. These tendencies have kept scholars from asking a wide range of questions about the micro-level dynamics of authoritarian elections and the systematic differences among them.With these issues in mind, this review examines literature that investigates the purpose of elections in dictatorships; the electoral behavior of voters, candidates, and incumbents in these elections; and the link between elections and democratization. The review ends with a call to redirect the study of authoritarian elections toward uncovering and explaining the important differences among them.
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| 4. |
- Lust, Ellen, 1966
(författare)
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Elections under authoritarianism: Preliminary lessons from Jordan
- 2006
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Ingår i: Democratization. - 1351-0347. ; 13, s. 456-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the politics of elections in authoritarian regimes, focusing on Jordan. Specifically, it considers (1) what is the role of elections in authoritarian regimes? (2) How can we understand voter behaviour in authoritarian elections? (3) How and why do candidates participate in elections? (4) How do state elites manage electoral competition? The fundamental contention is that elections under authoritarianism are an important arena for competition, but one over patronage, not policy. This has profound effects on electoral politics. Voters generally cast their ballots for those who can, and will, deliver goods; that is, they vote for candidates who maintain good relations with ruling elites, and with whom the voters have personal ties. Elites are similarly more likely to run in elections if they do not oppose the regime. The result is a pro-regime bias in parliaments, even in the absence of regime manipulation. Consequently, in contrast to conventional wisdom, elections are neither pre-determined ‘contests’ under the ruling elites’ full control, nor are they major struggles between opposition and the regime; rather, elections in even very repressive authoritarian regimes are often true competitions that help to stabilize the regime. Authoritarian rulers can thus generally rely on institutions – not ballot-box stuffing – to manage elections, using districting and electoral laws to favour supporters. The study concludes with a discussion of implications for democracy promotion programmes.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lust, Ellen, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Problems and Prospects for Democratic Settlements: South Africa as a Model for the Middle East and Northern Ireland?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Politics & Society. - 0032-3292. ; 33, s. 277-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intense ethnic, racial, and religious violence led many to classify South Africa, Northern Ireland, and Israel/Palestine as intractable conflicts. Yet they diverged, with only South Africa achieving a lasting settlement. The authors explain why. The authors analyze them as a distinctive type of negotiated transition. The ancién regime is an imperfect democracy, subject to electoral constraints and legitimated by democratic principles that it violates. This constrains negotiations but helps manage difficult commitment problems. The authors show how the principals navigated constraints and took advantage of opportunities in South Africa but have failed—so far—to do so in the other two conflicts.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lust, Ellen, 1966
(författare)
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Reinforcing Informal Institutions through Authoritarian Elections: Insights from Jordan
- 2009
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Ingår i: Middle East Law and Governance. - 1876-3367 .- 1876-3375. ; 1:1, s. 3-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Bahrain last year, citizens elected their own parliament for the fi rst time in nearly three decades. Oman has extended the vote to all adult citizens; Qatar has a new constitution; Yemen has a multiparty political system; Kuwait has a directly elected national assembly; and Jordan held historic elections this summer. Recent surveys in Arab nations reveal broad support for political pluralism, the rule of law, and free speech. Th ese are the stirrings of Middle Eastern democracy, and they carry the promise of greater change to come. 2 In full-blown authoritarian regimes, formal democratic institutions such as elections, parliaments, and courts either do not exist or exist merely as facades or legitimating mechanisms. Th ey do not yield meaningful contestation for power or generate uncertainty with regard to the allocation of political authority.
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