| 1. |
- Bergmann, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Review on geophysical monitoring of CO2 injection at Ketzin, Germany
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-4105. ; 139, s. 112-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geophysical monitoring activities were an important component of the CO2 injection program at the Ketzin site, Germany. Here we report on the seismic and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements performed during the period of the site development and CO2 injection. Details on the site geology, the history of the CO2 injection operation, and petrophysical models relevant for the interpretation of the geophysical data are presented. The seismic measurements comprise 2D and 3D surface seismic surveys, vertical seismic profilings, and crosshole measurements. Apart from the measurements, results from advanced processing methods, such as impedance inversion and full-waveform inversion are also presented. In addition, results from crosshole ERT and surface-downhole ERT are presented. If operational efforts are taken into consideration we conclude that a combination of several geophysical methods is preferable given the demands of a spatiotemporally comprehensive monitoring program. We base this conclusion on that the different imaging characteristics and petrophysical sensitivities of different methods can complement each other. An important finding is, based on signal quality and reduced operational costs, that the use of permanent installations is promising. Generally, specific monitoring layouts will depend on site-specific characteristics, such as reservoir depth, availability of wells, petrophysical characteristics, and accessibility of surface locations. Given the comprehensive range of methods applied, the reported results are not only relevant to the operation of CO2 storage sites, but are also of interest to other monitoring projects dealing with fluid injection or production.
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| 2. |
- Huang, Fei, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary Seismic Time-lapse Results from the First Post-injection Survey at the Ketzin Pilot Site
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the CO2SINK project start in April 2004, different methods involving seismics, geoelectrics andpressure-temperature monitoring have been applied at the Ketzin pilot site to map geological structuresand assess CO2 distribution and movement. One 3D baseline seismic survey prior to CO2 injection andtwo 3D repeat seismic surveys during CO2 injection have proven that the 3D time-lapse surface seismicmethod is an effective tool for providing good quality images of the CO2 plume. In the autumn of 2015, athird 3D repeat seismic survey, serving as the first post-injection survey, was acquired. The preliminaryresults show that the predominant westward trend of the CO2 migration is in agreement with the previousresults. No CO2 migration upwards through the caprock was detected. The decrease in the size of CO2plume may be related to ongoing dissolution into the saline formation water.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Huang, Fei, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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The first post-injection seismic monitor survey at the Ketzin pilot CO2 storage site : results from time-lapse analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geophysical Prospecting. - : Wiley. - 0016-8025 .- 1365-2478. ; 66:1, s. 62-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The injection of CO2 at the Ketzin pilot CO2 storage site started in June 2008 and ended in August 2013. During the 62 months of injection, a total amount of about 67 kt of CO2 was injected into a saline aquifer. A third repeat 3D seismic survey, serving as the first post-injection survey was acquired in 2015, aiming to investigate the recent movement of the injected CO2. Consistent with the previous two time-lapse surveys, a predominantly WNW migration of the gaseous CO2 plume in the up-dip direction within the reservoir is inferred in this first post-injection survey. No systematic anomalies are detected through the reservoir overburden. The extent of the CO2 plume west of the injection site is almost identical to that found in the 2012 second repeat survey (after injection of 61 kt), however there is a significant decrease in its size east of the injection site. Assessment of the CO2 plume distribution suggests that the decrease in the size of the anomaly may be due to multiple factors, such as limited vertical resolution, CO2 dissolution and CO2 diffusion, in addition to the effects of ambient noise. 4D seismic modelling based on dynamic flow simulations indicates that a dynamic balance between the newly injected CO2 after the second repeat survey and the CO2 being dissolved and diffused was reached by the time of the first post-injection survey. Considering the considerable uncertainties in CO2 mass estimation, both patchy and non-patchy saturation models for the Ketzin site were taken into consideration.
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| 5. |
- Leire, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Online teaching going massive: input and outcomes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 123, s. 230-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proliferation of massive open online courses is a recent phenomenon in higher education. At the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics at Lund University in Sweden, emerging pedagogical approaches in e-learning have long been embraced, allowing for valuable experience with new educational technologies applied in education for sustainability. In 2014, the Institute was given a formal task to develop a massive open online course on “Greening the Economy: Lessons from Scandinavia”, thereby utilizing existing capacities and experiences while experiencing new challenges revealed by courses of larger scale. This article presents the background to the Institute's undertaking with massive open online courses and the range of expectations from the main stakeholders. The article discusses massive open online courses as a novel venue for e-learning in sustainability education as regards learning activities, design and content. It concludes that while the initial experience of such a course has been positive, in order to better cater to the learner groups, continued attention needs to be paid to course design, teacher capacity and in particular an examination of learner motivations.
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| 6. |
- Niemi, Auli, et al.
(författare)
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Chapter 8: Field Injection Operations and Monitoring of the Injected CO2
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geological Storage Of Co2In Deep Saline Formations. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789402409949 - 9789402409963 ; , s. 381-471
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring the fate of the injected CO2 and possible associated effects, such as hydro-mechanical and chemical effects in the target reservoir and its surroundings, is essential for safe operation of a storage facility. In this chapter, we shall first provide an overview of the technologies available and used for monitoring of CO2. We shall then proceed to describe specific methods and finally present some important case studies that will demonstrate the use of the discussed monitoring technologies under specific field settings.
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| 7. |
- Richter, Jessika Luth, et al.
(författare)
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Accounting for Durability in Least Life Cycle Cost Methods
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 ECEEE Summer Study Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the European Union (EU), mandatory durability ecodesign requirements have recently been set for vacuum cleaners and lighting products. Durability standards for additional product groups are expected in the future and it is also envisioned that durability issues will be integrated in the EU energy labelling scheme. Durability standards can bring environmental benefits, but there are several methodological challenges, not least regarding the trade-offs between different product attributes. In this paper, we review previous literature and studies examining durability and increased lifetimes for products, with a focus on the case of LEDs. We analyse the methods suggested and assumptions used and compare these to an innovative method for calculating an attribute-adjusted least life cycle cost (LLCC) when durability is included. Then we analyse the case of LEDs available in an online market in 2016 and model optimal lifetimes in relation to life cycle costs. The model identifies factors influencing optimal lifetimes. The statistical error of the regressions does not allow for calculation of the optima with precision, but the calculation is illustrative that the LLCC optima for the range of LED bulbs considered is close to 25000 hours. The model also indicates that greater durability is important for cases with smaller discount rates and more intensive use of the product. We discuss the usefulness of the method and its application and development in context of policy development of durability standards, as well as future research that can complement this approach. The initial results indicate that, at least from an LLCC perspective, longer lifetimes than currently required by standards may be desirable, so we also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using three different policy instruments to stimulate increased durability.
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| 8. |
- Richter, Jessika Luth, et al.
(författare)
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Greening the global classroom: experiences using MOOCs to advance sustainability education
- 2015
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Ingår i: Global Cleaner Production and Sustainable Consumption Conference Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proliferation of massive open online courses (MOOCs) has been a phenomenon in higher education but only recently the subject of academic literature. MOOCs combine the traditional ideas of cohort and guided learning with open access and a truly global classroom. With over twenty thousand learners attracted to such courses, we argue that they can be a powerful tool in advancing sustainability education in terms of global reach. Like traditional education, the quality of the education delivered by MOOCs is influenced by their design and this is also integral to their success in promoting deeper learning of sustainability topics. However, designing a quality course and ensuring genuine learning experiences in this open and massive context is not without challenges. We describe our practical experience with curriculum design, production and delivery of a MOOC with a wide sustainability focus of "Greening the Economy: Lessons from Scandinavia". The background of students taking the MOOC, motivations and reasons for seeking this type of sustainability education and perceived benefits from this MOOC and other MOOCs with topics related to sustainability are discussed. Combining pedagogical approaches in the form of teacher-led lectures and quizzes for basic understanding with more constructivist forum discussions and peer assessment created the opportunity for the MOOC to not only disseminate knowledge about sustainability issues, but also encourage discussion, peer interaction, and deeper engagement with these issues. An interesting aspect of this reciprocal learning was the collected insights from learners in the form of case studies and survey responses. The promise, as well as potential issues, of MOOCs in contributing to the goals of sustainability education and lifelong learning are discussed and reflected upon.
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| 9. |
- Richter, Jessika Luth, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal durability in least life cycle cost methods : the case of LED lamps
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 12:1, s. 107-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the European Union (EU), mandatory durability ecodesign requirements have recently been set for some products, including lighting products; further development of durability standards is also expected in the future. Durability standards can bring environmental and consumer benefits, but the question remains about what optimal durability is. In this paper, the product lifetime aspect of durability is considered, and optimal lifetimes in relation to least life cycle cost (LCC) for the consumer are analysed. The paper focusses the analysis on a case of LED lamps available in an online market in December 2016 and models optimal lifetimes from an LCC perspective. The statistical error of the regression does not allow for calculation of the optima with precision, but the calculation indicates optimal lifetime is close to 25,000 hours. The influence of smaller discount rates and more intensive use of the product are also modelled, which indicate that durability is desirable in intense-use scenarios in particular. The usefulness of the method is discussed and the findings are compared to previous literature and studies examining durability and increased lifetimes for products, including those using an alternative approach of life cycle assessment (LCA). The initial results of this LCC method indicate that longer lifetimes than those currently required by legal standards in the EU could be appropriate for LED lamps. As such, the advantages and disadvantages of different policy instruments to stimulate increased durability are also discussed. The paper concludes with suggestions for potential future research and further policy development.
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