| 1. |
- Kristjánsdóttir, Ragnhildur, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid markers in children with cerebral white matter abnormalities.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neuropediatrics. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0174-304X .- 1439-1899. ; 32:4, s. 176-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disorders of the cerebral white matter in children constitute a heterogeneous group and the diagnostic work is often complicated. Clinical and radiological characteristics can provide diagnostic clues but there is a need for further diagnostic methods. This study focused on assessing neurochemical "markers" in the cerebrospinal fluid considered to reflect damage to white matter components such as myelin and glial cells as well as neurones with their axons and synapses. The aim was to evaluate whether they contributed to the elucidation of pathogenic processes and the direction of further diagnostic efforts. Seventeen of the 26 cases had increased levels of the glial cell marker ganglioside GD3, indicating gliosis, or of the CNS myelin marker sulfatide, indicating myelin disturbance. As signs of disturbed maturation or sustenance, the nerve cell markers GD1 b, GT1 b and total gangliosides were reduced, as was the synapse marker GD1a. Increased 5-HIAA indicated increased serotonergic turnover. Children with an increased level of the axonal marker Tau protein had a progressive disease whereas GD1a was reduced in the progressive group (n = 11). In contrast, GD3 and HVA were increased in the non-progressive group (n = 15). The chemical profiles were found to be useful, in combination with clinical and radiological findings, when investigating children with white matter abnormalities.
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| 2. |
- Månsson, Annika
(författare)
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Möten som formar - Interaktionsmönster på förskola mellan pedagoger och de yngsta barnen i ett genusperspektiv
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In studies concerning the youngest children, the toddlers, the gender perspective is often missing. One aim of the study was, therefore, to investigate the interaction between children and preschool teachers in day care centres in a gender and a contextual perspective. Another aim was to investigate the inner representations of the preschool teachers concerning children and gender. A third aim was to discursively analyse the interview answers of the preschool teachers related to the curricular documents concerning preschool. The domain of interaction focused upon is mainly the intersubjective one, where reciprocity and affect are of great importance. The main research questions of this study were: Which initiatives for contact do the children take? Which response do they get from the preschool teachers? Does this interaction appear differently in various contexts? Do various contexts affect gender in different ways? The study is defined as ethnographic. The methods of data-collection were mainly video recordings and interviews. The interaction between children and staff was observed and the adults were interviewed at three day-care centres. The results indicated that gender was context dependent and that different contexts gave different kinds of gendered interaction. The situations with most pedagogical guidance, the so-called circle times, were dominated by the boys. They took more initiatives and they got more elaborated answers from the preschool staff. The situations with less pedagogical guidance, e.g. the meals, were characterised by rich dialogues in the interaction between the preschool teachers and the children and no special gender differences were found. The girls got elaborated answers to the same extent as the boys. During the free play time, the gender differences concerning the children’s initiative to contact the pedagogues were almost none. There was one boy at each nursery department that was the dominating one, the “Master of the group”. This study also showed that even the young children at the nursery departments were part of the gender construction.
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| 3. |
- Tallberg Broman, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Genusperspektiv på förskola, skola och utbildning : Några inlägg från en arbetsgrupp på lärarutbildningen
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Baksidestext: Var står genusperspektiv idag och vilka frågor är högljudda och aktuella? Är genusperspektiv, liksom andra perspektiv, beroende av enstaka entusiaster, och är det en ren tillfällighet om de studerande möter genusperspektiv i utbildningen? Hur ser skolans vardag ut i ett genusperspektiv? Varför är det så angeläget att få fler män till skolan? Hur ser pedagogernas föreställningar om barn och genus ut? Handlar det om självständiga flickor och behövande pojkar? Flickor med förnuft och pojkar med kropp? Hur ser killarna på yrkesprogrammen på sin situation? Hur tänker högstadieflickor och pojkar om NO? Kan genusperspektiv innebära att synliggöra det osynliggjorda? Vad händer med alla ambitioner i detta område när man går från utbildningstid till klassrummet? Detta är några frågor som tas upp i denna rapport. Nio författare, varav två nyblivna lärare och sju lärarutbildare, sammanfattar här några av sina erfarenheter och väcker frågor utifrån genusperspektiv på förskolans och skolans praktik och teori.
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| 4. |
- Tullberg, Mats, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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CSF sulfatide distinguishes between normal pressure hydrocephalus and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. - : BMJ. - 0022-3050. ; 69:1, s. 74-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the CSF concentrations of molecules reflecting demyelination, neuronal and axonal degeneration, gliosis, monoaminergic neuronal function, and aminergic and peptidergic neurotransmission in a large series of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) or subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE), to elucidate pathogenic, diagnostic, and prognostic features.CSF concentrations of glycosphingolipid (sulfatide), proteins (neurofilament triplet protein (NFL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)), neuropeptides (vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA)), and monoamines (homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (HMPG)) were analysed in 43 patients with NPH and 19 patients with SAE. The diagnoses of NPH and SAE were based on strict criteria and patients with NPH were subsequently operated on. Twelve clinical variables, psychometric tests measuring perceptual speed, accuracy, learning, and memory and a psychiatric evaluation were performed in all patients and before and after a shunt operation in patients with NPH.The CSF sulfatide concentration was markedly increased in patients with SAE (mean 766, range 300-3800 nmol/l) compared with patients with NPH (mean 206, range 50-400 nmol/l) (p<0.001). 5-HIAA, GABA, and VIP in CSF were higher in patients with SAE than in patients with NPH. The patients with NPH with cerebrovascular aetiology had higher sulfatide concentrations and a poorer outcome after shunt surgery than patients with NPH with other aetiologies.The pathogenesis of the white matter changes in NPH and SAE is different and ischaemic white matter changes can be a part of the NPH state. The markedly increased CSF sulfatide concentrations in patients with SAE indicate ongoing demyelination as an important pathophysiological feature of SAE. The CSF sulfatide concentration distinguished between patients with SAE and those with NPH with a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 94%, making it an important diagnostic marker.
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