| 1. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Associations between leisure activities and binge drinking in adults: Findings from a Swedish newly sick-listed sample.
- 2014
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In: Work : A journal of Prevention, Assesment and rehabilitation. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 48:2, s. 143-153
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Leisure activities and drinking patterns are factors that can affect health and ability to return to work after a sick-leave. Associations between participation in leisure activities and binge drinking among sick-listed individuals have been paid little attention in the research literature. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine associations between leisure activities and binge drinking in a sample of newly sick-listed women and men. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 2,888 individuals aged 19-64 years. Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaire data from the Health Assets Project, Sweden, was used. Participation in 18 leisure activities was estimated. Binge drinking was defined as consuming alcohol at least once a month, and typically consuming five or more glasses. RESULTS: Among women aged 19-30 years who regularly went to concerts (OR 2.36) and wrote (OR 2.39) associations were found with binge drinking. Lower OR was found among women aged 31-64 who regularly went to the cinema (OR 0.43), out in the nature (OR 0.46) or participated in sports (OR 0.57). Among men, associations were found between socializing with friends and binge drinking in both age groups (OR 3.83 respectively 1.63). Among younger men who attended sporting events OR was 2.31, and among older men participating in religious communities OR was 0.28. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to understanding the interplay between leisure activities and health behavior. In particular, social activities in men were associated with binge drinking while the opposite was true for recreational activities in older women.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Participation in leisure activities and binge drinking in adults – findings from a Swedish general population sample.
- 2012
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In: Addiction Research & Theory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1606-6359 .- 1476-7392. ; 20:2, s. 172-182
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the associations between participation in different leisure activities and binge drinking in Swedish adults. The study was based on a questionnaire in a general population sample (n=3567) of individuals aged 19–64 years old. Men and women were defined as binge drinkers if they reported that they had consumed alcohol at least once a month, and stated that at a typical drinking occasion they consumed five or more standard glasses (12g of alcohol). Multivariate analyses found associations between binge drinking and socializing with friends among men aged 19–30 years (odds ratio, OR 2.88), in the 31–64 years old age group (OR 1.87). Corresponding results was found in younger women (OR 2.36). A higher OR was also found for younger men who regularly attended sporting events as spectators (OR 1.83), and among respondents in the older age group who regularly played computer or video games (OR 2.11 for women and 1.61 for men). A lower OR for binge drinking was found for men who regularly participated in religious services in both age-groups. Lower prevalence of binge drinking among women was only found in the younger group among those who regularly participated in sports/athletics or other training (OR 0.51). Our findings suggest that prevention strategies could benefit from an everyday life approach, but also that different interventions should be used in relation to specific leisure activities.
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| 3. |
- Armannsdóttir, Brynja, et al.
(author)
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Cumulative incidence of sickness absence and disease burden among the newly sick-listed, a cross-sectional population-based study.
- 2013
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In: BMC public health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 13:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sickness absence is a public health problem with economic consequences for individuals and society. Although sickness absence and chronic diseases are correlated, few studies exist concerning the role of chronic disease in all-cause sickness absence. The aim was to assess the cumulative incidence of sickness absence and examine the accompanying burden of chronic diseases among the sick-listed. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with data from 2008. Cumulative incidence of all-cause sickness absence (>=14 days) was calculated based on all newly sick-listed individuals (N = 12,543). The newly sick-listed sample and a randomized general population sample (n = 7,984) received a questionnaire (participation rates: 54% and 50%).To assess the burden of self-reported chronic diseases, standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated. RESULTS: Estimated one-year cumulative incidence was 11.3% (95% CI: 11.2--11.3), 14.0% (13.9--14.1) for women and 8.6% (8.5--8.6) for men. Gender differences were consistent across all age groups, with highest cumulative incidence among women aged 51--64 years, 18.2% (18.0--18.5). For women, the burden of chronic disease was significantly higher for nine out of twelve disease groups, corresponding numbers for men were nine out of eleven disease groups (standardized for age and socio-economic status). Neoplastic diseases had the highest SIR with 4.3 (3.4--5.2) for women and 4.2 (2.8--5.6) for men. For psychiatric and rheumatic diseases the respective SIR's were 1.7 for women and 1.8 for men. The remaining disease groups had an elevated risk of 20-60% (SIR 1.2--1.6). The risk of reporting a co-morbidity was increased for women (SIR 1.4 (95% CI 1.4--1.5)) and men (SIR 1.5 (1.4--1.7)) among the sick-listed. CONCLUSIONS: Register data was used to estimate of the cumulative incidence of sickness absence in the general population. A higher burden of chronic disease among the newly sick-listed was found. Targeting long-term health problems may be an important public health strategy for reducing sickness absence.
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| 4. |
- Bäck, Annika, et al.
(author)
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The Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) in a Swedish sample with bipolar disorder - a pilot study
- 2012
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In: The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. - 2043-7730 .- 2043-7749. ; 2:2, s. 263-270
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To test the acceptability and reliability of the Swedish translation of the Medication Adherence Report Scale-5 (MARS-5) in a sample of patients who use mood stabilising medicines for bipolar disorder. A further aim was to compare the Swedish translation of the MARS-5 with the Swedish translation of the four-item scale Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4). Method: The study population (n=47, 70% women) was recruited through patient education sessions, at a Patient Association meeting, in Gothenburg, Sweden, as well as through advertisements on the home pages and newsletters of the Swedish patient associations. Participants received the Swedish translations of the MARS-5 and the MMAS-4, and questions on age, education, and country of birth. Reliability was examined for internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and test-retest (intraclass correlation (ICC), MARS-5: Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), MMAS-4: Spearman’s rho (ρ)). The acceptability of the MARS-5 was examined with a correlation analysis between the MARS-5 and the MMAS-4 and for face validity. Results: In the study population 53.3% were categorised as adherent with the MARS-5 and 82.6% using the MMAS-4. The value of Cronbach’s α was 0.66 for the MARS-5 and 0.37 for the MMAS-4. The test-retest of the MARS-5 resulted in r=0.90 and ICC=0.91. Corresponding values for the MMAS-4 were ρ=0.84 and ICC=0.85. The correlation between the MARS-5 and the MMAS-4 was 0.55. The face validity resulted in four comments regarding difficulties in answering the MARS-5. Conclusion: The Swedish translation of the MARS-5 ought to be used instead of the MMAS-4 to measure self-reported adherence in a Swedish sample with bipolar disorder. The MARS-5 showed good psychometric properties.
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| 5. |
- Hensing, Gunnel, 1956, et al.
(author)
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Harmful alcohol habits were no more common in a sample of newly sick-listed Swedish women and men compared to a random population sample.
- 2011
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In: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 46:4, s. 471-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: To estimate harmful alcohol habits in a sample of incident sick-listed individuals compared with a random sample from the general population taking social background, health and work-related factors into account. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional questionnaire study were collected in 2008 in the Västra Götaland region, Sweden. The study population (19–64 year olds) consisted of 2888 consecutive incident sick-leave sample (ISS) and 3567 individuals from a random population sample (RPS). The mailed questionnaire included Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and validated instruments on health and work-related factors. Socio-demographic data came from register data. Analyses were made with χ2 tests and logistic regression analyses. Results: No differences in prevalence of harmful alcohol habits were found between men in the ISS (22%) and the RPS (21%). Compared with women in the ISS, a higher proportion of women in the RPS were likely to report harmful alcohol habits [14 versus 9% (P < 0.001)]. This difference was confirmed in the logistic regression analyses where women in the RPS had higher odds of having harmful alcohol habits compared with women in the ISS [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–1.89)]. Even after controlling for significant confounders (age, low income, high self-reported health and high level of perceived symptoms), we found that the differences in harmful alcohol habits remained [OR = 1.44 (95% CI: 1.16–1.81)]. Conclusions: Harmful alcohol habits were no commoner in men and women who belonged to the sample of incident sick-leave cases. Future studies are needed to analyse the predictive value of harmful alcohol habits on sickness absence length and the time until return to work after sickness absence.
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| 6. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1955, et al.
(author)
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Remain in Work-What Work-Related Factors Are Associated With Sustainable Work Attendance A General Population-Based Study of Women and Men
- 2014
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In: Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1536-5948. ; 56:3, s. 235-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To analyze if organizational climate and work commitment, demand and control, job strain, social support and physical demands at work are associated with remain in work (RIW), i.e. work attendance without sick-leave over 15 days per year. Methods: This Swedish cross-sectional study was based on 4,013 workers (19–64 years), randomly selected from a general population. Data was collected (2008) through postal questionnaire and registers. Results: Fair organizational climate, the combination of fair organizational climate and fair work commitment, high control and low physical demands was associated with RIW for women and men. Conclusions: This study adds to the rather scarce research findings on factors that promote RIW by identifying work organizational factors and physical prerequisites as being important. Preventive work to create a healthy work environment could be directed at improving organizational climate and reducing physical demands.
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| 7. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1955, et al.
(author)
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The association between self-efficacy and sick-leave among men and women: a cross-sectional study of the general working population in Sweden
- 2014
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In: Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health. - 2282-0930. ; 11:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to investigate if low self-efficacy was associated with increased risk for sickness absence, in a general population of employed women and men. The aim was also to analyse differences in self-efficacy concerning age, education, income, and socio-economic position. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on data collected in western Sweden, 2008. The study population consisted of 2,900 employed sick-listed individuals (E-SL) and 2,649 random working population individuals (R-WP). Both mailed questionnaire, including the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and register data on age, education, income and socio-economic position were used. A continuous mean score of the total GSE was calculated for each individual. A low GSE-score indicated low general self-efficacy. Results: Lower general self-efficacy had an increased odds ratio (OR) of belonging to a sick-listed general working population among both men (OR=1.60; 95% CI 1.32–1.94) and women (OR=1.26; 95% CI 1.08–1.47). The OR remained significant after adjustments for socio-demographic variables. Yet, men in the R-WP and women in both the R-WP and E-SL with lower education, income or socio-economic position had lower general self-efficacy compared with those in each cohort with higher education, income or socio-economic position. Conclusions: Low self-efficacy was associated with increased probability to belong to a sick-listed general working population. Although more research is needed, it seems highly relevant to take both self-efficacy and socio-economic factors into account, in preventive and rehabilitation work targeting persons on sickness absence
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| 8. |
- Jönsson, Anna K, et al.
(author)
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Influence of refill adherence method when comparing level of adherence for different dosing regimens
- 2014
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In: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 70:5, s. 589-597
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To examine the impact of two methods when estimating refill adherence in patients using bisphosphonates with different dosing regimens. In the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, 18,203 new users of bisphosphonates aged 18-85 years were identified between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and followed for a maximum of 2 years. The patients were categorised based on dosing regimen: one tablet daily, one tablet weekly, switching between these regimens, and other regimens. Refill adherence was estimated with Continuous measure of Medication Acquisition (CMA, adherent if CMA a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 80 %) and the maximum gap method (adherent if gaps < 45 days). Differences in adherence between patients in the groups were assessed with logistic regression models controlling for confounding factors. The proportion of patients classified as adherent was higher using CMA compared with patients classified as adherent using the maximum gap method. Patients on one tablet weekly had significantly lower adherence compared with patients on one tablet daily in the main analyses of both methods (the maximum gap method: 73 % vs. 80 %; adjusted OR = 0.71; 95 % CI 0.57-0.89 and CMA: 84 % vs. 88 %, adjusted OR = 0.75; 95 % CI 0.57-0.99). Patients using the other two dosing regimens had significantly lower adherence compared with patients on one tablet daily using both methods. Choice of method has an impact on the estimates of refill adherence to bisphosphonates. Patients on one tablet weekly dosing had lower adherence compared with patients on one tablet daily dosing using both methods.
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| 9. |
- Lesén, Eva, 1982, et al.
(author)
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A comparison of two methods for estimating refill adherence to statins in Sweden: the RARE project
- 2011
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In: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. - : John Wiley and Sons. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557. ; 20:10, s. 1073-1079
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose To analyse and compare refill adherence to statins estimated with two different methods with a focus on sensitivity to definitions. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods Individuals aged 18-85 years who filled a statin prescription for the first time in 1.5 years during 1 January-30 June 2007 were followed until emigration or death or until 2 years after their first statin purchase. The data were collected via linkage between the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, the National Patient Register and the Total Population Register. Days supply was estimated based on amount dispensed and prescribed dosage. Refill adherence was estimated with the continuous measure of medication acquisition (CMA) and the maximum gap method (cut-off 45days). The impact of altering definitions, for example, regarding hospitalisations, length of observation period and management of overlapping supply, was analysed. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults The study included 36661 individuals (mean age 64 years, 47% women). The median proportion of days with statins was 95%, and 76% were classified as adherent with a cut-off at andgt;= 80% with CMA. With the maximum gap method, 65% were adherent. Disregarding hospitalisations did not alter the results. Emigration or death at least one year after statin initiation was associated with a lower adherence with both methods, and a shorter observation period and adding overlapping supply to the subsequent prescription increased the adherence estimates. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions The choice of method and definitions, particularly regarding the management of overlapping supplies and the length of observation period, has a substantial impact on estimates of refill adherence to statins.
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| 10. |
- Lesén, Eva, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Is the level of patient co-payment for medicines associated with refill adherence in Sweden?
- 2014
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 24:1, s. 85-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the Swedish reimbursement scheme, the co-payment is based on the price of the product and decreases in a stepwise manner as the total accumulated co-payment increases. The aim of this study was to analyse how refill adherence in Sweden varies according to patient's co-payment level for medicines, with antiepileptic drug (AED) use as an example.
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