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- Bergström, Sture, et al.
(författare)
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Beskattning av överlåtelse av bostadsrätt
- 2002
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Ingår i: Fastighetsrättsliga studier till minnet av Sten Hillert. - 9176785033 ; , s. 67-75
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Grahn Kronhed, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Association between physical activity and forearm bone mineral density in 20-72-year-olds
- 2002
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 4:2, s. 87-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical activity may influence bone mineral density (BMD) in different ways. In the present study the amount of physical activity and the associations between forearm BMD, body mass index, physical activity and several other lifestyle factors were explored. A random sample of the population in a Swedish municipality was invited to the study and examined by a questionnaire and by forearm bone mineral measurements using single photon absorptiometry. Forearm BMD was measured in 880 subjects. Forearm BMD was stable from 20 to 50 years of age in women and from 20 to 60 years of age in men. Reported moderate leisure-time physical activity levels in men were significantly associated with higher forearm BMD than low leisure-time physical activity levels ( p = 0.042). The findings that moderate levels of leisure-time physical activity in men were associated with higher forearm BMD, give some support to the hypothesis that increased amount of physical activity in a population might be of benefit in the prevention of osteoporosis. Further longitudinal studies of the effect of physical activity in the prevention of osteoporosis, falls and fractures are warranted.
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| 6. |
- Grahn Kronhed, Ann-Charlotte, 1954-
(författare)
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Community-based osteoporosis prevention: Physical activity in relation to bone density, fall prevention, and the effect of training programmes : The Vadstena Osteoporosis Prevention Project
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is based on studies of the ten-year community-based intervention programme entitled, the Vadstena Osteoporosis Prevention Project (VOPP). The specific aims of the research were to describe the effects of physical activity and training programmes on bone mass and balance performance in adults, to determine whether a fall risk prevention programme could motivate personal actions among the elderly, to ascertain whether the intervention programme could reduce the incidence of forearm and hip fractures.Two studies addressed training programmes for middle-aged and old people. First, VOPP participants who were aged 40–70 years and had low forearm bone mineral density (BMD) values were invited to take part in a one-year weight-bearing training study. Thirty of those individuals were included in the investigation. Additional bone mass measurements were performed at the hip and the lumbar spine, and balance and aerobic capacity were also tested. The training programme was performed twice a week (I). In the second study, healthy persons aged 70–75 years were invited to participate in a balance-training study. Fifteen persons joined an exercise group, and another fifteen were controls. The training programme comprised specific balance exercises and was carried out twice a week for nine weeks (II). The association between forearm BMD values and several lifestyle factors was explored in random samples of the population aged 20–72 years (n=880) in a cross-sectional study (III). Another study explored the association between calcaneal stiffness, forearm BMD, and lifestyle factors amongst participants aged 20–79 years (n=956) at the final registration of the VOPP (V). Effects of the VOPP interventions directed at environmental risk factors for falls and the promotion of physical activity were examined in people aged ≥ 65 years (IV). The incidence of forearm and hip fractures was studied amongst middle-aged and elderly individuals in the intervention and the control communities during the study period 1987–2001 (VI).The exercise group (n=15) in the weight-bearing training study showed increases in BMD at the greater trochanter (p<0.01), one-leg stance balance with the eyes closed and coordination tests (p<0.05), and aerobic capacity (p<0.05). No significant difference was found when the groups were compared concerning changes in the different tests during the intervention period (I). In the balance-training study, the exercise group showed post-training improvement in the following tests: standing on the right leg with eyes closed (p<0.01), standing on the right leg (p<0.01) and on the left leg (p<0.05) while turning the head, and walking 30 metres (p<0.01). There were significant differences between the groups in these tests when changes were compared at the post-intervention test (II). Age (p<0.0001) and body mass index (p≤.0001) were associated with forearm BMD in both sexes. Reported moderate physical activity levels in men were positively associated with forearm BMD (p<0.05) (III). In both sexes, reported moderate (p<0.05) and high (women p<0.05 and men p<0.001) physical activity levels were positively associated with calcaneal stiffness. The correlation coefficient between forearm BMD and calcaneal stiffness was 0.58 in women and 0.34 in men (V). Persons aged ≥ 65 years at the follow-up in 1994 reported more use of shoe/cane spikesand moderate physical activity levels compared to controls (IV). There was no change in the general incidence of forearm and hip fractures between the communities for the study period. However, there was a tendency towards decreasing incidence of forearm and trochanteric hip fracture in both sexes during the late intervention period in the intervention community (VI).A community-based intervention programme aimed at reducing the incidence of osteoporotic fractures must be regarded as a long-term project and should preferably be monitored over an extended post-intervention period.
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| 7. |
- Grahn Kronhed, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Is calcaneal stiffness more sensitive to physical activity than forearm bone mineral density? : A population-based study of persons aged 20-79 years
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 32:5, s. 333-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between forearm bone mineral density (BMD), calcaneal stiffness, and physical activity levels in a normal population using different non-invasive methods. Methods: The participants were invited to undergo bone measurements using single photon absorptiometry of the forearm and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneal bone, and also to complete a questionnaire. Physical activity levels were designated low, moderate, and high in the question on leisure-time activity. Results: There were 956 participants included in the present study. Forearm BMD in the eighth age decade was 0.40 g/cm2 (95% CI 0.33 - 0.46 g/cm2) lower than in the third decade among women and 0.28 g/cm2 (95% CI 0.18 - 0.37 g/cm2) lower among men. The differences in calcaneal stiffness between the same age decades were 22.4 (95% CI 17.5 - 27.4) among women and 15.8 (95% CI 8.0 - 23.5) among men. The correlation between forearm BMD and calcaneal stiffness was 0.58 (95% CI 0.52 - 0.64) in women and 0.34 (95% CI 0.25 - 0.42) in men. Reported moderate and high leisure-time activity levels in both genders were associated with higher calcaneal stiffness but not with forearm BMD. Conclusions: The QUS may be used to measure the effect of present physical activity levels on calcaneal bone at the population level. Further longitudinal studies are warranted in order to determine the most appropriate non-invasive method in population-based studies.
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| 8. |
- Lindberg, Malou, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Asthma nurse practice improves outcomes and reduces costs in primary health care
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 16:1, s. 73-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The aim of this study was to elucidate the care of patients with asthma in primary health care from medical, patient self-management, health, quality of live, and health economic perspectives.Methods. Asthma nurse practice (ANP), an alternative asthma self-management strategy, was compared with traditional asthma care in primary health care in southern Sweden regarding medical history, lifestyle, self-management, symptoms caused by asthma, effects on sick leave, state of health, quality of life and health care costs. The first part of the investigation comprised a retrospective study of a randomly selected sample of patient records of asthmatics (n=152). The second part, lasting 3 months, was prospective and included consecutive patients visits (n=347).Results. The ANP approach showed better results in most of the evaluated outcomes such as asthma quality documentation and self-management and the number of asthma symptoms was significantly lower. From a health economic perspective the results were encouraging with respect to ANP.Conclusion. This alternative asthma strategy, ANP, improved asthma care in primary health care and resulted in economic advantages in the health care sector. However the result may only be generalized to other practices working with asthma nurses in the same way.
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| 10. |
- Lindberg, Malou, et al.
(författare)
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Patient questionnaires in primary health care : Validation of items used in asthma care
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal for Quality in Health Care. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1353-4505 .- 1464-3677. ; 12:1, s. 19-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective.To evaluate each item in a patient questionnaire for the purpose of investigating whether the validity of each item is acceptable.Design.The questionnaire was completed by the patients at an ordinary follow-up visit for their asthma, and within 1 week a nurse interviewed them by telephone with the aim of analysing the validity of each item through the use of predetermined criteria.Settings.Patients with asthma in primary health care settings in Sweden.Study participants.Fifty-one patients were consecutively included from three different primary health care units.Results.Nine of 13 items had an acceptable validity. The four items that were not found to have acceptable validity were developed further.Conclusion.Evaluating each item in a questionnaire by means of interviews with the specific patient population is a useful method of assuring that the intention of the patient questionnaire has been met.
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