| 1. |
- Fauville, Geraldine, et al.
(författare)
-
Using collective intelligence to identify barriers to teaching 12–19 year olds about the ocean in Europe
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X. ; 91, s. 85-96
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the degradation of the marine environment is strongly linked to human activities, having citizens who appreciate the ocean's influence on them and their influence on the ocean is important. Research has shown that citizens have a limited understanding of the ocean and it is this lack of ocean literacy that needs to change. This study maps the European landscape of barriers to teaching 12–19 year olds about the ocean, through the application of Collective Intelligence, a facilitation and problem solving methodology. The paper presents a meta-analysis of the 657 barriers to teaching about the ocean, highlighting how these barriers are interconnected and influence one another in a European Influence Map. The influence map shows 8 themes: Awareness and Perceived knowledge; Policies and Strategies; Engagement, formal education sector; the Ocean itself; Collaboration; Connections between humans and the ocean and the Blue Economy, having the greatest influence and impact on marine education. “Awareness and Perceived knowledge” in Stage 1, exerts the highest level of overall influence in teaching 12–19 year olds about the ocean. This map and study serves as a roadmap for policy makers to implement mobilisation actions that could mitigate the barriers to teaching about the ocean. Examples of such actions include free marine education learning resources such as e-books, virtual laboratories or hands-on experiments. Thus, supporting educators in taking on the challenge of helping our youth realise that the ocean supports life on Earth is essential for education, the marine and human well-being. •Collective Intelligence shows barriers to teaching 12–19 year-olds about the ocean.•Education stakeholder consultations ran in eight European countries.•European influence map represents the relationships among barriers.•Barriers in “Awareness and perceived knowledge” theme are the most influential.•Resources, courses and networks are options that can be used to address barriers.
|
|
| 2. |
- Gambill, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of temperature on the feeding and growth of the larvae of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Plankton Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0142-7873 .- 1464-3774. ; 37:5, s. 1001-1005
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon-specific prey clearance and ingestion rates of 1.5-mm tentaculate larvae of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi increased linearly between 6 and 25 degrees C but declined between 25 and 30 degrees C. Both absolute (length) and carbon-specific growth rate increased linearly with increasing temperature. The latter was 0.87 d(-1) at 25 degrees C. Extremely low or negative growth rates observed at 6 and 30 degrees C help define the thermal limits to population growth of this successful biological invader.
|
|
| 3. |
- Jaspers, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Reproduction rates under variable food conditions and starvation in Mnemiopsis leidyi: significance for the invasion success of a ctenophore
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Plankton Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0142-7873 .- 1464-3774. ; 37:5, s. 1011-1018
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi is characterized by high growth rates and a large reproductive capacity. However, reproductive dynamics are not yet well understood. Here, we present laboratory data on food-dependent egg production in M. leidyi and egg hatching time and success. Further, we report on the reproduction of laboratory-reared and field-caught animals during starvation. Our results show that the half-saturation zooplankton prey concentration for egg production is reached at food levels of 12-23 mu gC L-1, which is below the average summer food concentration encountered in invaded areas of northern Europe. Furthermore, starved animals continue to produce eggs for up to 12 days after cessation of feeding with high overall hatching success of 65-90%. These life history traits allow M. leidyi to thrive and reproduce in environments with varying food conditions and give it a competitive advantage under unfavourable conditions. This may explain why recurrent population blooms are observed and sustained in localized areas in invaded northern Europe, where water exchange is limited and zooplankton food resources are quickly depleted by M. leidyi. We suggest that these reproductive life history traits are key to its invasion success.
|
|
| 4. |
- Tiselius, Peter, 1958, et al.
(författare)
-
Community cascades in a marine pelagic food web controlled by the non-visual apex predator Mnemiopsis leidyi
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Plankton Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0142-7873 .- 1464-3774. ; 39:2, s. 271-279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trophic cascades are a ubiquitous feature of many terrestrial and fresh-water food webs, but have been difficult to demonstrate in marine systems with multispecies trophic levels. Here we describe significant trophic cascades in an open coastal planktonic ecosystem exposed to an introduced top predator. The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was monitored for an 8-year period concurrent with measures of the food web structure of the plankton and strong trophic cascades were evident. In the 5 years when M. leidyi were found, their target prey (grazing copepods) were reduced 5-fold and the primary producers doubled their biomass when released from the grazing pressure. The increased phytoplankton biomass could unequivocally be assigned to grazing release since concurrent measurements of primary production did not differ between years with or without M. leidyi. Copepod biomass prior to the mass occurrence of the ctenophore was important. The years without M. leidyi had significantly higher biomass of copepods in July, the month preceding the outburst of the ctenophore. The profound changes of the pelagic ecosystem faced with a non-selective apex predator shows that marine communities are not exceptions from trophic cascade mechanisms.
|
|
