| 1. |
- Clark, Andrew G., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Backman, L, et al.
(författare)
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Death and cognition - Synthesis and outlook
- 2006
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1016-9040 .- 1878-531X. ; 11:3, s. 224-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Brown, Kelly, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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ROS-deficient monocytes have aberrant gene expression that correlates with inflammatory disorders of chronic granulomatous disease
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clin Immunol. - 1521-7035. ; 129:1, s. 90-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic granulomatous disease is an immunodeficiency caused by an inability to produce reactive oxygen species. While the mechanism of hyper-sensitivity to infection is well understood in CGD, the basis for debilitating inflammatory disorders that arise in the absence of evident infection has not been fully explained. Herein it is demonstrated that resting and TLR-activated monocytes from individuals with CGD expressed significantly higher levels of inflammatory mediators than control cells; the expression in CGD cells resembled normal cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The lack of acute illness, infection or circulating endotoxin in the blood of the CGD patients at the time of sampling was consistent with infection-free inflammation. The enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators correlated with elevated expression of NF-kappaB and was dependent on ERK1/2 signalling. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that ROS are anti-inflammatory mediators that control gene expression and potentially limit the development of sterile inflammatory disorders.
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| 7. |
- Bylund, Johan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced inflammatory responses of chronic granulomatous disease leukocytes involve ROS-independent activation of NF-kappa B
- 2007
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Ingår i: Eur J Immunol. ; 37:4, s. 1087-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the cellular NADPH-oxidase are crucial for phagocytic killing of ingested microbes and have been implicated as signaling molecules in various processes. For example, ROS are thought to be involved in activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, central for mediating production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to inflammatory stimuli. Several studies have demonstrated that inhibitors of the NADPH-oxidase interfere with NF-kappaB activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Curiously, patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an immunodeficiency characterized by an inability to produce ROS, are not only predisposed to severe infections, but also frequently develop various inflammatory complications indicative of exaggerated inflammatory responses. Here, we show that human CGD leukocytes display a hyperinflammatory phenotype with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to stimulation with Toll-like receptor agonists. The hyperinflammatory phenotype was also evident in mononuclear cells from CGD mice (gp91(phox) -/-), but not in control cells in the presence of NADPH-oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium, probably reflecting NADPH-oxidase-independent effects of the inhibitor. Furthermore, we show that the major steps involved in NF-kappaB activation were intact in human CGD cells. These data indicate that ROS were nonessential for activation of NF-kappaB and their production may even attenuate inflammation.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Lars, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Stepwise introduction of a bone-conserving osseointegrated hip arthroplasty using RSA and a randomized study: II. Clinical proof of concept--40 patients followed for 2 years
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 77:4, s. 559-566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We have developed a bone-conserving commercially pure titanium hip replacement system using osseointegration principles: a metaphyseal loading proximal femoral component affixing into the retained neck and metaphysis only, leaving the femoral canal untouched. The acetabular cup closely fits a dual-geometry cavity, avoiding stress protection at the dome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After extensive laboratory and clinical pilot trial investigations, the surface-engineered implants were submitted to a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial involving 40 patients (40 hips), in which they were compared to the cemented Spectron femoral component and cementless Trilogy cup as control implant. The following clinical measures were used to monitor progress at regular intervals for the first 2 postoperative years: radiostereometric analysis (RSA), Harris Hip Score, pain score, WOMAC, and SF-36. RESULTS: After 2 years of follow-up, no statistically significant differences were seen between the groups concerning rotation or translation along the cardinal axes. The patients receiving the Gothenburg osseointegrated titanium (GOT) system had significantly higher Harris Hip Score at 6 months, suggesting more rapid recovery. WOMAC, SF-36 and pain analysis were similar for the first 2 postoperative years. INTERPRETATION: Our RSA data suggest that osseointegration was achieved for all patients receiving the GOT hip system. This bone-conserving prosthesis may provide a good alternative, especially for young and active patients.
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| 9. |
- Derwinger, A, et al.
(författare)
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Forgetting numbers in old age: strategy and learning speed matter
- 2005
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 51:4, s. 277-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Memory intervention research with older adults has primarily focused on immediate effects of training. Little is known about whether memory training can prevent forgetting of a learned material over time. <i>Objective:</i> The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of memory training on forgetting of numerical information in old age. In addition, the effect of speed of learning on forgetting rate was examined. <i>Methods:</i> Two training programs were employed contrasting a number-consonant mnemonic strategy with a self-generated strategy. A non-practice control group was also included. There were 20 participants in each group (age range = 60–83 years). Following completion of training, participants memorized six 4-digit numbers to perfection. Retention was tested after 30 min, 24 h, 7 weeks, and 8 months. <i>Results:</i> The three groups showed equal rates of forgetting across the first two follow-up assessments. A different picture emerged for the last two occasions, with the self-generated strategy group remembering more items relative to the two other groups. Moreover, participants reaching the criterion in few trials exhibited less forgetting than slow learners. <i>Conclusions:</i> These data indicate that self-generated strategy training may have advantages over learning a classical mnemonic for preventing long-term forgetting of numeric materials in old age.
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