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- Wagner, Galen, et al.
(författare)
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Consideration of pitfalls in and omissions from the current ECG standards for diagnosis of myocardial ischemia/infarction in patients who have acute coronary syndromes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cardiology Clinics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-2264 .- 0733-8651. ; 24:3, s. 331-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ECG is the key clinical test available for the emergency determination of which patients who presenting with acute coronary syndromes indeed have acute myocardial ischemia/infarction. Because typically the etiology is thrombosis, the correct clinical decision regarding reperfusion therapy is crucial. This review follows the efforts of an AHA working group to develop new standards for clinical application of electrocardiology. The pitfalls in the current diagnostic standards regarding ischemia/infarction that have been identified by sufficiently documented studies are corrected in their report. This article focuses on the pitfalls for which new standards will emerge in future years.
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- Bellamy, Chyrell D., et al.
(författare)
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An analysis of groups in consumer-centered programs
- 2006
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation. - : University of Nebraska Press. - 1548-7768 .- 1548-7776. ; 9:3, s. 219-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study used a mixed methods approach to describe and analyze data from groups observed in two types of mental health consumer-centered programs, namely consumer-run drop-in centers and clubhouses. An overview of consumer-centered programs is presented, followed by a report of the study which includes a description of the groups in the sample and data on the effects of group process and group leader characteristics on group functioning. Results indicate that, for the most part, the groups were task oriented (e.g., planning events or discussing issues about the center). Psychoeducation and recovery were also frequent topics in the group meetings. In terms of group participation, consumers took on various assignments, served as facilitators, assumed tasks and roles, shared experiences, and provided support to other group participants. A major finding is that group leaders displayed both good and poor leadership behaviors. The good leadership behaviors were often efforts to respond to problematic responses of members and poor leadership behaviors often elicited such responses. The qualitative analysis provided examples of how these behaviors affected the group sessions. This pilot study, by identifying some of the group conditions present in such groups, should lead to new studies that are based on specific hypotheses concerning the relationships that exist among group conditions, interventions to improve such conditions, and outcomes for participants.
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- Bellamy, Chyrell D., et al.
(författare)
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Relevance of spirituality for people with mental illness attending consumer-centered services
- 2007
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Ingår i: Psychiatric rehabilitation journal. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1095-158X .- 1559-3126. ; 30:4, s. 287-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spirituality has been cited in the literature as having a positive effect on mental health outcomes. This paper explores the relationship of spirituality to demographic, psychiatric illness history and psychological constructs for people with mental illness (N=1835) involved in consumer-centered services (CCS-Clubhouses and Consumer run drop-in centers). Descriptive statistics indicate that spirituality is important for at least two thirds of the members in the study. Members primarily indicated participation in public spiritual activities (i.e., church, bible study groups), followed by private activities (prayer, reading the bible, and meditation) (both of which were centered on belief in the transcendent). A logistic regression analysis was done to explore variables related to spirituality (i.e., demographics, psychiatric illness history, and psychological constructs). Results suggest that age, gender, having psychotic symptoms, having depressive symptoms, and having a higher global quality of life, hope and sense of community were all significant correlates of spirituality.
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- Hung, Rayjean J, et al.
(författare)
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A susceptibility locus for lung cancer maps to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes on 15q25
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 452:7187, s. 633-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide, with over one million cases annually. To identify genetic factors that modify disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association study by analysing 317,139 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 1,989 lung cancer cases and 2,625 controls from six central European countries. We identified a locus in chromosome region 15q25 that was strongly associated with lung cancer (P = 9 x 10(-10)). This locus was replicated in five separate lung cancer studies comprising an additional 2,513 lung cancer cases and 4,752 controls (P = 5 x 10(-20) overall), and it was found to account for 14% (attributable risk) of lung cancer cases. Statistically similar risks were observed irrespective of smoking status or propensity to smoke tobacco. The association region contains several genes, including three that encode nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits (CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4). Such subunits are expressed in neurons and other tissues, in particular alveolar epithelial cells, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and lung cancer cell lines, and they bind to N'-nitrosonornicotine and potential lung carcinogens. A non-synonymous variant of CHRNA5 that induces an amino acid substitution (D398N) at a highly conserved site in the second intracellular loop of the protein is among the markers with the strongest disease associations. Our results provide compelling evidence of a locus at 15q25 predisposing to lung cancer, and reinforce interest in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as potential disease candidates and chemopreventative targets.
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