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- Maddock, Jane, et al.
(författare)
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Social health and change in cognitive capability among older adults : findings from four European longitudinal studies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 69:11, s. 1330-1346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In this study we examine whether social health markers measured at baseline are associated with differences in cognitive capability and in the rate of cognitive decline over an 11-to-18-year period among older adults and compare results across studies. Methods: We applied an integrated data analysis approach to 16,858 participants (mean age 65 years; 56% female) from the National Survey for Health and Development (NSHD), the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA), the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), and the Rotterdam Study. We used multilevel models to examine social health in relation to cognitive capability and the rate of cognitive decline. Results: Pooled estimates show distinct relationships between markers of social health and cognitive domains e.g., a large network size (& GE;6 people vs none) was associated with higher executive function (0.17 SD[95%CI:0.0, 0.34], I2=27%) but not with memory (0.08 SD[95%CI: -0.02, 0.18], I2=19%). We also observed pooled associations between being married or cohabiting, having a large network size and participating in social activities with slower decline in cognitive capability, however estimates were close to zero e.g., 0.01SD/year [95%CI: 0.01 to 0.02] I2=19% for marital status and executive function. There were clear study-specific differences: results for average processing speed were the most homogenous and results for average memory were the most heterogenous. Conclusion: Overall, markers of good social health have a positive association with cognitive capability. However, we found differential associations between specific markers of social health and cognitive domains and differences between studies. These findings highlight the importance of examining between study differences and considering context specificity of findings in developing and deploying any interventions
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| 2. |
- Marseglia, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Social Health and Cognitive Change in Old Age : Role of Brain Reserve
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0364-5134 .- 1531-8249. ; 93:4, s. 844-855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Individual aspects of social health (SH; eg, network, engagement, support) have been linked to cognitive health. However, their combined effect and the role of the structural properties of the brain (brain reserve [BR]) remain unclear. We investigated the interplay of SH and BR on cognitive change in older adults.Methods: Within the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care–Kungsholmen, 368 dementia-free adults aged ≥60 years with baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging were followed over 12 years to assess cognitive change. A measure of global cognition was computed at each of the 5 waves of assessment by averaging domain-specific Z scores for episodic memory, perceptual speed, semantic memory, and letter and category fluency. An SH composite score was computed at baseline by combining leisure activities and social network. BR was proxied by total brain tissue volume (TBTV). Linear mixed models (adjusted for sociodemographic, vascular, and genetic factors) were used to estimate cognitive trajectories in relation to SH and TBTV. Interaction analysis and stratification were used to examine the interplay between SH and TBTV.Results: Moderate–good SH (n = 245; vs poor, β-slope = 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.002–0.02, p = 0.018) and moderate-to-large TBTV (n = 245; vs small, β-slope = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.02–0.04, p < 0.001) were separately associated with slower cognitive decline. In stratified analysis, moderate–good SH was associated with higher cognitive levels (but not change) only in participants with moderate-to-large TBTV (β-intercept = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06–0.37, p < 0.01; interaction SH * TBTV, p < 0.05).Interpretation: Our findings highlight the interplay between SH and BR that likely unfolds throughout the entire life course to shape old-age cognitive outcomes. ANN NEUROL 2023
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