| 1. |
- Telezhenko, Evgenij, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of different flooring systems on claw conformation of dairy cows
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 92, s. 2625-2633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of different flooring surfaces in walking and standing areas on claw conformation, claw horn growth, and wear was studied in 2 experiments during 2 consecutive housing seasons in a research dairy herd of 170 cows. In experiment 1, the flooring systems tested were solid rubber mats, mastic asphalt with and without rubber-matted feed-stalls, and aged concrete slats. In experiment 2, slatted concrete flooring was compared with slatted rubber flooring. The cows were introduced to the respective flooring systems in early lactation and their claws were trimmed before the exposure period. Toe length, toe angle, sole concavity, and claw width, as well as claw growth and wear rates were recorded for lateral and medial claws of the left hind limb. Claw asymmetry calculations were based on these claw measurements and on differences in sole protrusion between lateral and medial soles. Asphalt floors caused shorter toe length and steeper toe angle. They also increased wear on rear claws (5.30 +/- 0.31 and 5.95 +/- 0.33 mm/mo for lateral and medial claw, respectively; LSM +/- SE) and horn growth rate (5.12 +/- 0.36 and 5.83 +/- 0.31 mm/mo of lateral and medial claws, respectively). Rubber mats instead of asphalt in walking areas reduced wear (1.36 +/- 0.19 and 2.02 +/- 0.20 mm/mo for lateral and medial claw, respectively) and claw growth (3.83 +/- 0.23 and 3.94 +/- 0.17 mm/mo for lateral and medial claw, respectively). Rubber-matted feed-stalls together with asphalt walkways decreased claw wear (3.29 +/- 0.31 and 4.10 +/- 0.32 mm/mo for lateral and medial claw, respectively). The concavity of claw soles was reduced on asphalt, especially in the lateral rear claws. Rubber matting in feed-stalls prevented loss of sole concavity compared with asphalt. Claw asymmetry did not differ between flooring systems. While different access to abrasive flooring affected claw conformation, there was no evidence that flooring system influenced the disproportion between lateral and medial claws.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Alén, Claes, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Slitsmurar som permanenta konstruktioner
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Slitsmursteknik är internationellt en vanligt förekommande metod. Den användes framförallt vid djupa schakter för källare och infrastrukturkonstruktioner i innerstadsbebyggelse. Ett annat användningsområde är som tätskärm vid dammar eller deponier. När slitsmuren användes vid djupa schakter utnyttjas den normalt också i den permanenta konstruktionen, vilket ökar metodens ekonomiska konkurrenskraft. Vid tät stadsbyggnad har metoden stora fördelar tack vare sin begränsade omgivningspåverkan (buller, damm, deformationer etc) jämfört med spontslagning och sin goda ekonomi när den kan utnyttjas som permanent konstruktion.I Sverige har slitsmurar använts endast vi ett fåtal tillfällen och då endast som temporär konstruktion. De senaste exemplen är Götatunneln i Göteborg och Citytunneln i Malmö.Med ett ökat undermarksbyggande i våra större städer har intresset ökat för att också utnyttja slitsmuren i den permanenta konstruktionen och därigenom öka den ekonomiska nyttan och även ta mindre mark i anspråk under byggandetI avsikt att utreda möjligheten att kunna acceptera slitsmuren i permanenta konstruktioner tog Vägverket under år 2004 initiativet till ett branschgemensamt utvecklingsprojekt med Vägverket, Banverket och SBUF som finansiärer. Projektet skall resultera i en rekommendation om vilka begränsningar och förändringar som erfordras för att kunna utnyttja tekniken . Alternativt skall projektet utmynna i ett motiverat avstyrkande av tekniken. Behov av ytterligare utvecklingsarbete skall också identifierats.För projektets genomförande har en projektgrupp tillsatts representerande expertis inom de olika områden som är relevanta för slitsmurar. En referensgrupp med representerande för myndigheter, utförare , konsulteroch högskolor har sammankallats vid två tillfällen. Enskilda personer i referengruppen har intervjuats i speciella frågeställningar.Efter inledande litteraturstudier och seminarier i samband med en slitsmurskonferens arrangerad av Vägverket och Banverket har arbetet koncentrerats på följande områden:-Slitsmurens beständighet, framför allt frågeställningar beträffande krav på material ochutförande, konstruktiva lösningar samt sprickviddsbegränsninagr -Geotekniska frågeställningar speciellt med koppling till påverkan på slitsmurens täthet, kvalitet och beständighet.-Inverkan av stödvätska på den färdiga slitsmurskonstruktionens egenskaper -Internationella erfarenheter; brukare och entreprenörer har intervjuats om erfarenheter i driftsskedet och under utförandet. Arbetet och analyser har baserat på litteraturstudier, enkätsvar från beställare och entreprenörer, intervjuer med experter och myndigheter samt egna erfarenheter avslitsmursarbeten inom projektgruppen.För utredning av stödvätskans inverkan på den färdiga slitsmuren har fältförsök utfört vid Citytunnelprojektet i Malmö. Projektgruppen finner att man med dagens kunskaper kan rekommendera slitsmurar för permanent bruk under vissa förutsättningar t.ex:-Betongens vct skall vara mindre än 0,50-Vid konstruktioner med miljöbelastning motsvarande vägmiljö samt vid krav på torr inomhusmiljö bör en inre betongvägg utföras innanför slitsmuren.-Sprickvidden i permanentskedet bör inte överstiga 0,2mm. -Möjlighet finns att åstadkomma frostbeständig betong där så erfordras.-Den tillåtna vidhäftningsspänningen mellan betong och armering reduceras med 20 %. Vissa frågeställningar bör belysas ytterligare för att eventuellt kunna öka potential och ekonomi för permanenta slitsmurar t.ex:-Ett mer nyanserat sätt att formulera sprickviddskrav för att på ett relevant sätt kunna hantera vattentäthet, beständighet och omgivningspåverkan både i permanent- och utförandeskedet.-Vidhäftningens beroende av stödvätskan-Storlek av belastningar som användes vid dimensionering av slitsmurar-Påverkan på betongens hållfasthet och täthet av stödvätska, tillsatsmedel och arbetsutförande.-Påverkan av slitsmurens täthet på omgivningen.Viktiga faktorer för att uppnå ett bra kvalitet på den permanenta slitsmuren är bl.a:-Arbetesutförandet och erfarenheten hos slitsmursentreprenören är av avgörande betydelse för en bra kvalitet.-Samverkan mellan projektör, entreprenör och beställare är viktigt för att uppnå ett bra resultat. -Armeringens utformning och detaljlösningar vid anslutande bjälklag bör ägnas speciell omsorg. För tätt armerade konstruktioner i syfte att uppnå täta konstruktioner kan motverka sitt syfte.-Stödvätskans egenskaper och hantering har en avgörande inverkan på slutproduktens kvalitet.
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| 4. |
- Bakari, Jabiri Kuwe, 1970-
(författare)
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A Holistic Approach for Managing ICT Security in Non-Commercial Organisations : A Case Study in a Developing Country
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The research reported here is about improvement of the ICT security management process in non-commercial organisations in order to reduce possible financial damage, taking into consideration the realities found in developing countries. The research took place in a developing country—Tanzania, where five organisations were involved. The study is organised into seven papers covering: the state of ICT security management in the organisations; prerequisites when utilising the existing ICT security management approaches in attaining a solution for managing ICT security in the organisations; issues and challenges of managing ICT security; important aspects to be taken into consideration in order to successfully manage ICT security; and how the management of ICT security in non-commercial organisations could be improved. Among others, the research was motivated by the observed need for bridging the perception gap between the management and technicians when dealing with the ICT security problem, and consequently extending to a common understanding by the staff in the various departments and specialities within and between the departments. The thesis contributes to increased empirical knowledge on the importance of the holistic ICT security management process. Particularly, our main contribution is the proposed holistic approach for managing ICT security in non-commercial organisations, organised in the form of guidelines with two main phases: the initialisation phase which involved the introduction of the ICT security management process in the organisation; and the internalised and continuous phase.
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| 5. |
- Bakari, Jabiri Kuwe, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging the gap between general management and technicians - A case study in ICT security
- 2006
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Ingår i: Security and Privacy in Dynamic Environments. - NEW YORK, NY : SPRINGER. - 038733405X ; , s. 442-447
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of planning, business re-engineering, and coordination in the whole process of computerisation, is the most pronounced problem facing organisations in developing countries. These problems often lead to a discontinuous link between. technology. and the business processes. As a result, the introduced technology poses some critical risks to the organisations due to the different perceptions of the management and technical staff in viewing the ICT security problem. Ibis paper discusses a practical experience of bridging the gap between the general management and ICT technicians.
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| 6. |
- Bakari, Jabiri Kuwe, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging the gap between general management and technicians - A case study on ICT security in a developing country
- 2007
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Ingår i: Computers & security (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4048 .- 1872-6208. ; 26:1, s. 44-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of planning, business re-engineering, and coordination in the whole process of computerisation is the most pronounced problem facing organisations. These problems often lead to a discontinuous link between technology and the business processes. As a result, the introduced technology poses some critical risks for the organisations due, in part, to different perceptions of the management and technical staffs in viewing the ICT security problem. This paper discusses a practical experience on bridging the gap between the general management and ICT technicians.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bakari, Jabiri Kuwe, et al.
(författare)
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State of ICT security management in the institutions of higher learning in developing countries : Tanzania case study
- 2005
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Ingår i: 5th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, Proceedings. - 0769523382 ; , s. 1007-1011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is of strategic importance and essential functional requirements for many institutions of higher learning. In the developing world, ICT is achieving a breakthrough in management and teaching of online learning, which helps to cater for the increased student population. However the security of the information being processed, stored and exchanged is a growing concern to the management as the dependence on ICT for most of the institutions' core services functions is increasing. This paper discusses the current state of ICT security management practices in three institutions Of higher learning in Tanzania. The discussion includes the problems and consequences of ICT risks.
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| 9. |
- Bakari, Jabiri Kuwe, et al.
(författare)
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The mitigation of ICT risks using EMITL tool : An empirical study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Security Management, Integrity, and Internal Control in Information Systems. - 9780387298269 - 9780387311678 ; , s. 157-173
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the dependence on ICT in running organisations' core services is increasing, so is the exposure to the associated risks due to ICT use. In order to meet organisational objectives in ICT dependent organisations, risks due to ICT insecurity need to be addressed effectively and adequately. To achieve this, organisations must have effective means for the management of ICT risks. This involves assessment of the actual exposure to ICT risks relevant to their environment and implementation of relevant countermeasures based on the assessment results. On the contrary, in most organisations, ICT security (or ICT risk management) is perceived by the top management as a technical problem. As a result, measures for ICT risk mitigation that are ultimately put in place in such organisations tend to be inadequate. Furthermore, the traditional way of managing risks by transferring them to the insurance companies is not yet working, as it is difficult to estimate the financial consequences due to ICT-related risks. There is, therefore, a need to have methods or ways which can assist in interpreting ICT risks into a financial context (senior management language) thereby creating a common understanding of ICT risks among technical people and the management within ICT-dependent organisations. With a common understanding, it would be possible to realise a coordinated approach towards ICT risk mitigation. This paper is an attempt to investigate whether ICT risk mitigation can be enhanced using a customised software tool. A software tool for converting financial terminologies (financial risk exposure) to corresponding ICT security terminologies (countermeasures) is presented. The Estimated Maximum Information Technology Loss (EMitL) tool is investigated for its suitability as an operational tool for the above-mentioned purpose. EMitL is a tool utilised in a framework (Business Requirements on Information Technology Security BRITS) to bridge the understanding gap between senior management and the technical personnel (when it comes to ICT risk management). This work is based on an empirical study which involved interviews and observations conducted in five non-commercial organisations in Tanzania. The study was designed to establish the state of ICT security management practice in the studied organisations. The results of the study are being used here to investigate the applicability of the EMitL tool to address the observed state. The results from this study show that it is possible to customise EMitL into a usefully operational tool for interpreting risk exposure due to ICT into corresponding countermeasures. These results underline the need to further improve EMitL for wider use.
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| 10. |
- Dahlkvist, Andreas, 1980-
(författare)
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Conflicting Contexts : The Implementation of European Works Councils in Sweden
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European directive on the establishment of European Works Councils (EWCs) provides an example of how the implementation of EU-level regulation is shaped by national legislation and practice, and previous research on EWC implementation has stressed the role of national factors for the organisation and work of these information and consultation forums. This thesis addresses the EWCs from a Swedish perspective and aims to analyse the role of the national system of employee participation for the implementation of EWCs in the national context. Through an examination of the views and reasoning of national groups and organisations involved in the implementation, during the legislative process that preceded the national EWC Act as well as in the establishment and work of councils, the study illustrates how national factors shaped the handling of the EWC issue in Sweden. The findings of the thesis, which rest on an analysis of official documents and interviews, show how the national system of employee participation influenced the views and reasoning of national groups and organisations regarding how to handle the EWC issue. However, the results of the analysis also indicate that alternative influences, such as company-specific factors and the provisions of the EWC directive, were important during the implementation of EWCs in the Swedish context.
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