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- Costabel, Ulrich, et al.
(författare)
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Pirfenidone in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis : Expert Panel Discussion on the Management of Drug-Related Adverse Events
- 2014
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Ingår i: Advances in Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0741-238X .- 1865-8652. ; 31:4, s. 375-391
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pirfenidone is currently the only approved therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, following studies demonstrating that treatment reduces the decline in lung function and improves progression-free survival. Although generally well tolerated, a minority of patients discontinue therapy due to gastrointestinal and skin-related adverse events (AEs). This review summarizes recommendations based on existing guidelines, research evidence, and consensus opinions of expert authors, with the aim of providing practicing physicians with the specific clinical information needed to educate the patient and better manage pirfenidone-related AEs with continued pirfenidone treatment. The main recommendations to help prevent and/or mitigate gastrointestinal and skin-related AEs include taking pirfenidone during (or after) a meal, avoiding sun exposure, wearing protective clothing, and applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with high ultraviolet (UV) A and UVB protection. These measures can help optimize AE management, which is key to maintaining patients on an optimal treatment dose.
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- Nüske, Ralf, et al.
(författare)
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Picosecond time-resolved x-ray refectivity of a laser-heated amorphous carbon film
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 98:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate thin film x-ray reflectivity measurements with picosecond time resolution. Amorphous carbon films with a thickness of 46 nm were excited with laser pulses characterized by 100 fs duration, a wavelength of 800 nm, and a fluence of 70 mJ/cm(2). The laser-induced stress caused a rapid expansion of the thin film followed by a relaxation of the film thickness as heat diffused into the silicon substrate. We were able to measure changes in film thickness as small as 0.2 nm. The relaxation dynamics are consistent with a model which accounts for carrier-enhanced substrate heat diffusivity. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3562967]
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- Olds, T, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence that the prevalence of childhood overweight is plateauing: data from nine countries.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Int Journal of pediatric obesity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-7166 .- 1747-7174. ; 6:5-6, s. 342-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until quite recently, there has been a widespread belief in the popular media and scientific literature that the prevalence of childhood obesity is rapidly increasing. However, high quality evidence has emerged from several countries suggesting that the rise in the prevalence has slowed appreciably, or even plateaued. This review brings together such data from nine countries (Australia, China, England, France, Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland and USA), with data from 467,294 children aged 2-19 years. The mean unweighted rate of change in prevalence of overweight and obesity was +0.00 (0.49)% per year across all age ×sex groups and all countries between 1995 and 2008. For overweight alone, the figure was +0.01 (0.56)%, and for obesity alone -0.01 (0.24)%. Rates of change differed by sex, age, socioeconomic status and ethnicity. While the prevalence of overweight and obesity appears to be stabilizing at different levels in different countries, it remains high, and a significant public health issue. Possible reasons for the apparent flattening are hypothesised.
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