| 1. |
- Hagberg, Henrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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PARP-1 gene disruption in mice preferentially protects males from perinatal brain injury
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Neurochem. ; 90:5, s. 1068-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 is over-activated in the adult brain in response to ischemia and contributes to neuronal death, but its role in perinatal brain injury remains uncertain. To address this issue, 7-day-old wild-type (wt) and PARP-1 gene deficient (parp+/- and parp-/-) Sv129/CD-1 hybrid mice were subjected to unilateral hypoxia-ischemia and histologic damage was assessed 10 days later by two evaluators. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 knockout produced moderate but significant (p < 0.05) protection in the total group of animals, but analysis by sex revealed that males were strongly protected (p < 0.05) in contrast to females in which there was no significant effect. Separate experiments demonstrated that PARP-1 was activated over 1-24 h in both females and males after the insult in neonatal wt mice and rats using immnocytochemistry and western blotting for poly(ADP-ribose). Brain levels of NAD+ were also significantly reduced, but the decrease of NAD+ during the early post-hypoxia-ischemia (HI) phase was only seen in males. The results indicate that hypoxia-ischemia activates Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in the neonatal brain and that the sex of the animal strongly influences its role in the pathogenesis of brain injury.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ljungberg, Malin
(författare)
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Handling of curvilinear coordinates in a PDE solver framework
- 2003
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By the use of object-oriented analysis and design combined with variability modeling a highly flexible software model for the metrics handling functionality of a PDE solver framework was obtained. This new model was evaluated in terms of usability, particularly with respect to efficiency and flexibility. The efficiency of a pilot implementation is similar to, or even higher than that of a pre-existing application-specific reference code. With regards to flexibility it is shown that the new software model performs well for a set of four change scenarios selected by an expert user group.
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| 6. |
- Persson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Patients with Goodpasture's disease have two normal COL4A3 alleles encoding the NC1 domain of the type IV collagen {alpha}3 chain.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385 .- 0931-0509. ; 19:8, s. 2030-2035
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Goodpasture's disease (GP) is a rare but severe disease characterized by anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and lung haemorrhage. The autoantibodies are restricted to a narrow epitope region on the NC1 domain of the alpha3 chain of type IV collagen. GP is strongly associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) allele HLA DRB1-15. Recent research, however, has failed to identify a T-cell epitope with molecular characteristics that explain the relationship between the MHC class II molecule and the autoantibody generation. We hypothesized that an as yet unidentified sequence variant in exons 48-52 of the COL4A3 gene that encodes the NC1 domain of the type IV collagen alpha3 chain could generate a new peptide sequence that, through interaction with specific MHC class II molecules, would increase the risk of developing GP. Methods. All patients previously treated for GP at the Lund and Malmo University Hospitals, who were alive at the time of the study, were asked to participate. DNA was extracted from leukocytes and subjected to genomic tissue typing and sequencing of the COL4A3 gene exons 48-52. Results. All 15 patients in the study had a nucleotide sequence in the COL4A3 gene encoding a protein identical to GenBank entry NM_000091. HLA D allele distribution was in line with previous publications, showing a strong positive association between HLA DRB1-15, HLA DQB1-6 and GP (P < 0.02). Of the 15 GP patients, 73% carried HLA DRB1-15 and 87% carried the HLA DQB1-6 antigen. Corresponding figures for the controls were 27 and 50%. Conclusion. This study effectively falsifies the hypothesis that a minor alteration in the COL4A3 gene could be a major factor in the aetiology of GP. Scandinavian GP patients have an MHC distribution similar to that which has been described previously for Anglo-Saxon patients.
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| 7. |
- Ristow, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Frataxin deficiency in pancreatic islets causes diabetes due to loss of β cell mass
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738. ; 112:4, s. 527-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetes is caused by an absolute (type 1) or relative (type 2) deficiency of insulin-producing β cells. We have disrupted expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin selectively in pancreatic β cells. Mice were born healthy but subsequently developed impaired glucose tolerance progressing to overt diabetes mellitus. These observations were explained by impairment of insulin secretion due to a loss of β cell mass in knockout animals. This phenotype was preceded by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species in knockout islets, an increased frequency of apoptosis, and a decreased number of proliferating β cells. Hence, disruption of the frataxin gene in pancreatic β cells causes diabetes following cellular growth arrest and apoptosis, paralleled by an increase in reactive oxygen species in islets. These observations might provide insight into the deterioration of β cell function observed in different subtypes of diabetes in humans.
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| 8. |
- Schulz, Michael, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Life and Peace Institute projects in Somalia and the Democratic Republic of Congo
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The programmes in Somalia and DRC are implemented in contexts marked by sporadic but extensive violent conflict. They aim at facilitating peace building from below through training and support to civil society and community-based initiatives as well as through promoting local level dialogues. The evaluation is field-based. Both programmes have shown that external support to local level peace-building is feasible and can make a difference through infusing peace-building skills and boosting local self-confidence. But this must be accom-panied by continuous conflict analysis and review of the relevance of activities promoted, and by active strategic management. Without these there will not be any lessons learned nor may skills be translated into capacity building.
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| 9. |
- Thuné, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Object-oriented modeling of parallel PDE solvers
- 2001
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Ingår i: The Architecture of Scientific Software. - Norwell, MA : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0792373391 ; , s. 159-174
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Wahlberg, Malin, 1971-
(författare)
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Figures of time : on the phenomenology of cinema and temporality
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Image and time represent a favored issue among theorists and practitioners in the history of cinema, where discussion is related to the ingenious machine, the new art, as well as the experience of film. Looking back on this debate, and considering recent accounts of 'time-images,' it is striking to note how the problem has always oscillated between issues of the medium specific and issues of film experience; that is, the ontology of cinema as a time-bound medium, the quality of rhythm, duration, and recorded views, and, not least, the sensory and affective impact of mediated sound-images. The phenomenological tradition in film theory demands recognition in this respect because it contributed, in various ways, to the acknowledgment of film as something other than a static image object or a filmed story. Phenomenology brought attention to the perceptual modalities of the moving image as well as to the pleasures of film viewing. At the point of intersection between the phenomenology of time-images and the phenomenology of time consciousness, cinema already justifies a philosophical perspective. This study suggests a reassessment of cinema and temporality from the perspective of phenomenology. It aims at a conceptualization of this problem and historically maps this issue in theoretical work as well as in the practice of filmmaking. A major argument is that the problem of cinema and temporality in classical film theory deserves critical attention as well as modification in light of contemporary film, video, and multimedia. For example, what are the significations of 'temporalization' in moving images today, what are the possibilities and fallacies of a phenomenological perspective, and how do classical notions of the temporal image and 'film art' correspond to the play with time and space in documentary and experimental cinema? In line with these questions, Figures of Time advances a methodological discussion, where an alternative phenomenological approach is outlined with reference to the context of semiotic phenomenology and, more specifically, a discussion of texts by Paul Ricoeur, Dominique Janicaud, and Erving Goffman. Three themes demarcate the overall structure of this study: the sensory, time measurement, and the trace. Throughout Western philosophy, from Plato and Aristotle to Déscartes, Kant, Husserl, and Merleau-Ponty, 'the sensory' stands out as a crucial theme in aesthetic theory. Its imprecise signification between the quality of a given object and the quality of our perception resonates in classical discussions of the temporal status of photography and film. Aside from this contextualization of the sensory in classical film theory, the theme is also present in contemporary approaches to the tactile and experiential nature of moving images, such as in The Address of the Eye by Vivian Sobchack. 'Time Measurement' matches predominant notions of film as a Zeitobjekt, visualized music and staged rhythm, as well as the production of interval and tempo that were crucial to the avant-garde cinema of the 1920s and 1960s, and which still reverberate in sound-image elaborations of framing, duration, and speed. In this study, and with reference to Dominique Janicaud, 'time measurement' becomes a conceptual theme that stresses temporalization as a figural process realized between the time of the image and the time of film viewing. Accordingly, 'time measurement' is already incorporated in 'the sensory' and vice versa, because the performed meter of a film cannot be isolated from the viewer's sensory judgment of a temporal dimension.'The trace' offers a recurrent theme in French phenomenology in general, and in André Bazin's film criticism in particular. Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Roland Barthes, and Paul Ricoeur, all address the semiotic hybridity of this notion between materiality and experience. In the theory of photography it has been regarded as the prerequisite of the photographic image and its uncanny presence of the past. However, as Bernard Stiegler reminds us, the trace-status of photography is not opposed to the suggested Prässenzzeit of moving images. Rather, within our culture of recording and preservation, cinema stands out as a technology of memory, which opens up this account of cinema and temporality to broader issues of media, archive, and the production of historical time. By drawing attention to the ephemeral and concrete work in cinema of mediated rhythm, stasis, and photographic traces of historical time, these themes bring attention to the plastic and expressive nature of temporalization on the screen, as well as the existential dimensions of Time that have always puzzled man.
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