| 1. |
- Esmaily, Mohsen, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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A ToF-SIMS investigation of the corrosion behavior of Mg alloy AM50 in atmospheric environments
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332. ; 360, s. 98-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The redistribution of chloride and sodium ions after the NaCl-induced atmospheric corrosion of Mg alloy AM50 was investigated by means of Time-of-Flight Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS). The samples were exposed at 4 and 22 degrees C in the presence of 400 ppm CO2. The results confirm the presence of less conductive electrolyte, and thus, less movement of ionic species (including sodium and chloride) in the electrolyte layer formed on the surface of samples exposed at the sub-zero temperature. Besides, ToFSIMS analysis showed the presence of an Al-containing surface film formed on the alloy surface after exposure at high relative humidity.
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| 2. |
- Kulu, Hill, et al.
(författare)
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Is spatial mobility on the rise or in decline? : An order-specific analysis of the migration of young adults in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 72:3, s. 323-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate spatial mobility over time. Research on 'new mobilities' suggests increasing movement of individuals, technology, and information. By contrast, studies of internal migration report declining spatial mobility in recent decades. Using longitudinal register data from Sweden, we calculate annual order-specific migration rates to investigate the spatial mobility of young adults over the last three decades. We standardize mobility rates for educational enrolment, educational level, family status, and place of residence to determine how much changes in individuals' life domains explain changes in mobility. Young adults' migration rates increased significantly in the 1990s; although all order-specific migration rates increased, first migration rates increased the most. Changes in population composition, particularly increased enrolment in higher education, accounted for much of the elevated spatial mobility in the 1990s. The analysis supports neither ever increasing mobility nor a long-term rise in rootedness among young adults in Sweden.
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| 3. |
- Löfström Engdahl, Elin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Purification of used scintillation liquids containing the alpha emitters americium and plutonium
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0236-5731 .- 1588-2780. ; 303:2, s. 1133-1136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, alpha radioactive waste liquids withan activity over some kBq per waste container cannot besent for final storage. Therefore, in this work, a method fora purification of alpha active scintillation cocktails wasdeveloped. Until today (March, 2013) more than 20 L ofscintillation liquids have successfully been purified fromamericium and plutonium. The products of the process area solid fraction that can be sent to final storage and apractically non-radioactive liquid fraction that can be sentto municipal incineration.
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| 4. |
- Malmberg, Leona, et al.
(författare)
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Establishment and maintenance of asepsis in endodontics – a review of the literature
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 74:6, s. 431-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: Objectives: Successful endodontic treatment depends on effective measures to eliminate and prevent infection of root canals. Initially treatment should start with isolation and disinfection of the operating field. This review makes an inventory of the available knowledge regarding its establishment and maintenance. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database in order to identify clinical trials examining disinfection or unintentional contamination of the endodontic operative field. A list of 115 articles was obtained and screened. Five relevant articles were identified. These articles were read in full text. The reference lists from these articles were checked manually for additional studies and three studies were obtained. A total of eight articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: There was a great variety in terms of aim, method, and material of the included studies. None could prove a totally reliable aseptic operative field and not one chemical, or combination of chemicals, were found in more than one study. Conclusions: No study documented complete asepsis following initial disinfection, and no study could document predictable maintenance of an established bacteria-free surface. Critical appraisal and standardization of the disinfection and aseptic procedures in endodontics are needed. © 2016 Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society.
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| 5. |
- Mortazavi Seyedeh, Nooshin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Interplay of water and reactive elements in oxidation of alumina-forming alloys
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4660 .- 1476-1122. ; 17:7, s. 610-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-temperature alloys are crucial to many important technologies that underpin our civilization. All these materials rely on forming an external oxide layer (scale) for corrosion protection. Despite decades of research on oxide scale growth, many open questions remain, including the crucial role of the so-called reactive elements and water. Here, we reveal the hitherto unknown interplay between reactive elements and water during alumina scale growth, causing a metastable ‘messy’ nano-structured alumina layer to form. We propose that reactive-element-decorated, hydroxylated interfaces between alumina nanograins enable water to access an inner cathode in the bottom of the scale, at odds with the established scale growth scenario. As evidence, hydride-nanodomains and reactive element/hydrogen (deuterium) co-variation are observed in the alumina scale. The defectrich alumina subsequently recrystallizes to form a protective scale. First-principles modelling is also performed to validate the RE effect. Our findings open up promising avenues in oxidation research and suggest ways to improve alloy properties.
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| 6. |
- Norberg, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Use of moist smokeless tobacco (snus) and the risk of development of alcohol dependence : a cohort study in a middle-aged population in Sweden.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 149, s. 151-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Convincing evidence shows that smoking is associated with alcohol dependence (AD) and a positive correlation between snus and alcohol consumption was previously shown in cross-sectional studies. We performed a longitudinal evaluation of the risk of snus users to develop AD.METHODS: A cohort study in Västerbotten County, Sweden, linked individual data on socioeconomic situation and health survey data from 21,037 men and women (46.5% men). AD was defined by the CAGE questionnaire and evaluated at baseline 1991-1997 and again after 10 years. The risk of developing AD was assessed using logistic regression analysis and propensity score matching.RESULTS: 2370 men and 430 women used snus and were without AD at baseline. Over the 10-year period, 499 men and 257 women developed AD, among whom 191 and 26, respectively, were baseline snus users. The crude relative risks of AD for male and female snus users compared to non-users were 1.8 with 95% CI (1.5, 2.2) and 2.9 (2.0, 4.3), respectively. Adjusted logistic regression showed a positive dose-response relationship between snus use and risk of AD. Analyses involving propensity score matching revealed 33 and 17 new cases of AD in men and women, respectively, after 10 years given 1000 men and 1000 women without AD had been baseline snus users rather than non-users. Results for current, previous and never smokers were similar.CONCLUSIONS: The use of snus is prospectively associated with an increased risk of AD with a dose-response relationship that is independent of smoking status.
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| 7. |
- Nyman, Gunnar, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Contact allergy to beeswax and propolis among patients with cheilitis or facial dermatitis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 81:2, s. 110-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Beeswax, both white and yellow, has many uses, such as in lip balm. This material can cause contact allergy, although not many cases have been described. Methods: Ninety-five patients with contact cheilitis, facial eczema or a suspicion of contact allergy to beeswax were patch tested with yellow and white beeswax and with propolis, in addition to the Swedish baseline series. Patients who reacted positively to beeswax were additionally tested with caffeic acid, and two derivatives thereof that are believed to be important haptens in propolis. Results: Seventeen patients had positive reactions to beeswax. Fourteen of these patients had been tested with both yellow and white beeswax. Among those 14, eight had positive reactions to both types of wax, five only to yellow wax, and one only to white wax. Of the 10 wax-positive patients tested with caffeic acid derivatives, three reacted positively. Fourteen beeswax-positive patients also had positive reactions to propolis. Conclusion: Patch testing cheilitis patients is important, as contact allergy is common. Our suggestion is to patch test, apart from the baseline series and the patient's own products, also with beeswax and propolis. Many beeswax-allergic cheilitis patients would not have been diagnosed with a relevant contact allergy if only the Swedish baseline series had been used.
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| 8. |
- Olofsson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Health disparities in Europe’s ageing population : the role of social network
- 2018
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous research suggests that the social network may play very different roles in relation to health in countries with differing welfare regimes. Objective: The study aimed to assess the interplay between social network, socioeconomic position, and self-rated health (SRH) in European countries. Methods: The study used cross-sectional data on individuals aged 50+ from the fourth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and includes data from 16 countries. The outcome is poor SRH. All analyses are adjusted for age and stratified by gender. Results: Low satisfaction with the social network was associated with poor SRH among women in all country groups, but predicted poor SRH among males in West/Central and Eastern Europe only. The results from the multivariable analysis showed an increased likelihood of poor SRH among those with relatively lower education, as well as among those with low satisfaction with the social network (women from all country groups and men from Western/Central and Eastern Europe). However, the results from interaction analysis show that poor SRH for those with lower relative position in educational level was greater among those with higher satisfaction with the social network among male and female participants from Northern Europe. The health of individuals who are highly satisfied with their social network is more associated with socioeconomic status in Northern Europe. Conclusions: This study highlights the significance of social network and socioeconomic gradients in health among the elderly in Europe.
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| 9. |
- Olofsson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of geographical scale in explaining the return migration of young adults to the parental home and to the parental neighbourhood
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper makes two original contributions to research on the return migration of young adults to the parental home. First it argues that the numerical significance and complexity of return moves by young people to their parental home (boomeranging) is greater than has previously been recognised. Secondly we show that the determinants and associates of return migration vary significantly when analysed at two different geographical scales – the parental home and the parental neighbourhood area. We compare boomerang mobility behaviour in Sweden to work undertaken previously in the United Kingdom. By using longitudinal data (1986 to 2009) on four cohorts of young adults we find that boomeranging to parents’ home is an increasing mobility behaviour in Sweden associated with economic vulnerability, such as leaving higher education or entering unemployment, and partnership dissolution. While returning to parents’ home can offer financial support in times of life course reversal, we found gender differences indicating a larger independence among young women than men. Returning to the parental neighbourhood is found to be a much wider phenomenon than return to co-residence with parents, involving migration decisions of more economically independent young adults.
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| 10. |
- Olofsson, Jenny, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Äldre europeérs sociala nätverk
- 2016. - 1
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Ingår i: Utblick. - Umeå : Umeå universitet. - 9789176014295 ; , s. 63-78
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- En fråga som hamnat i debattens fokus berör äldres sociala nätverk och hur familjebaserat stöd och omsorg fungerar i olika länder. Måste familj och informella nätverk ta större ansvar när de äldre blir fler och försörjningsbördan i Europa blir allt tyngre? Eller är dagens sociala nätverk för glesa och för geografiskt spridda för att fungera som stöd till de äldre? Har kanske nätverk av vänner och släktingar tappat en del av sin roll när offentliga institutioner tagit över ansvar för de äldres försörjning och omsorg? Fungerar de sociala nätverken möjligen bättre för de äldre i samhällen där familjen ännu har huvudansvaret?
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