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| 2. |
- Malmström, P U, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing survival of patients with urinary bladder cancer : A nationwide study in Sweden 1960-1986
- 1993
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 29A:13, s. 1868-1872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survival rates were analysed in 29,055 patients with urinary bladder cancer diagnosed in Sweden from 1960 to 1986 and followed up until 1987. The 2-, 5- and 10-year relative survival rates were 79, 70 and 64% for men and 75, 68 and 63% for women, respectively. Patients with a history of bladder cancer for at least 15 years ran a negligible risk of dying from their disease. Prognosis was consistently better in younger than in older patients; below 50 years of age the 5-year relative survival rate was 90%, as compared with 60% in patients aged 70-79 years. Patients diagnosed between 1960 and 1964 had a 60% 5-year relative survival, as compared to 71% in those diagnosed between 1980 and 1984. Multivariate analyses further confirmed that age but not sex is an important prognostic factor in bladder cancer and, further, that a substantial improvement in survival rates took place during the 1960-1986 period. Compared with 1960-1964 the risk of dying of bladder cancer within 5 years in patients diagnosed between 1980 and 1984 was 51% lower in men [relative risk (RR) = 0.49; 95% confidence interval (C.I.) 0.42-0.57] and 44% lower in women (RR = 0.56; 95% C.I. 0.45-0.70).
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| 3. |
- Stangeland, B., et al.
(författare)
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P-type H(+)- and Ca(2+)-ATPases in plant cells
- 1997
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Ingår i: Na/K-ATPase and related transport ATPases. - New York : New York Academy of Sciences. - 1573310603 ; , s. 77-87
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Westergren-Thorsson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Differential expressions of mRNA for proteoglycans, collagens and transforming growth factor-beta in the human cervix during pregnancy and involution
- 1998
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. - 0006-3002. ; 1406:2, s. 13-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During pregnancy and involution, an extensive remodelling of the human cervical connective tissue occurs. This cervical ripening is one of the most pronounced physiological remodelling processes known in human connective tissue. To investigate how the remodelling is accomplished, the levels of mRNA for collagen I and III, versican and three small proteoglycans, biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin, were evaluated using Northern blots at different stages of cervical ripening. In the corresponding biopsies the concentration of collagen and of small and large proteoglycans were determined. The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) as a mediator of the remodelling process was also investigated. The concentration of collagen decreased and 1 week before partus, 50% of the nonpregnant level was attained. No further decrease was noted after partus. The mRNA for collagen I and III did, however, not decrease in the term pregnant cervix 1 week before partus. Only 20-30% decrease during the final ripening just before partus was recorded. Neither did the mRNA levels of the small proteoglycans change significantly during the ripening, despite an almost 50% decrease in the concentration of the small proteoglycans. The message for versican was, however, 5-fold increased at partus and then gradually returned to nonpregnant levels within 4 days after delivery. These changes corresponded to similar changes in the concentration of the large proteoglycan. Thus, the remodelling of the cervical connective tissue is achieved by two different mechanisms, on one hand an increased turnover of collagen and the small proteoglycans, on the other a changed transcription followed by an increased production of versican. During the involution 2- to 3-fold increases in the messages for collagen I and III, and the small proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, corresponded to increases in the concentration of the small proteoglycans and non-extractable collagen. The message for TGF-beta was increased 2-fold immediately after delivery compared with the term pregnant state. Thus, TGF-beta may be of importance for the reconstruction of the cervix, which starts immediately after partus.
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