| 1. |
- Kawahara, Takahiro, et al.
(författare)
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Systems Analysis of the Impacts of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami on Energy Supply System in Kamaishi-City
- 2013
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9781935056119
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami hit coastal cities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures of Tohoku Region devastating the energy supply system in the region. Electricity and fuel shortages caused severe problems in the city of Kamaishi varying from lack of mobility, communication, heating to reduced health conditions. This paper, aims to analyze the impacts of the earthquake and the tsunami on local energy supply system in Kamaishi City by; i) clarifying what energy services were in need when there was a shortage in energy supply right after the disasters by performing semi-structured interviews; and ii) identifying and analyzing causes and effects of the energy supply shortage at local level when the disasters occurred by applying systems thinking approach and causal loop diagramming methodology. Suggested alternative potential measures in tackling energy supply shortages and in preparing future disaster risk reduction plans are expected to be use of policy makers
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| 2. |
- Kvist, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Endangered subspecies of the Reed Bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus witherbyi and E. s. lusitanica) in Iberian Peninsula have different genetic structures.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Ornithology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2193-7192 .- 2193-7206. ; 152:3, s. 681-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Iberian Peninsula, populations of two subspecies of the Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus have become increasingly fragmented during the last decades when suitable habitats have been lost and/or the popula- tions have gone extinct. Presently, both subspecies are endangered. We estimated the amount of genetic variation and population structure in order to define conservation units and management practices for these populations. We found that the subspecies lusitanica has clearly reduced genetic variation in nuclear and mitochondrial markers, has a drastically small effective population size and no genetic differentiation between populations. In contrast, the sub- species witherbyi is significantly structured, but the popu- lations still hold large amounts of variation even though the effective population sizes are smaller than in the non- endangered subspecies schoeniclus. We suggest several management units for the Iberian populations. One unit includes subspecies lusitanica as a whole; the other three units are based on genetically differentiated populations of witherbyi. The most important genetic conservation mea- sure in the case of lusitanica is to preserve the remaining habitats in order to at least maintain the present levels of gene flow. In the case of the three management units within witherbyi, the most urgent conservation measure is to improve the habitat quality to increase the population sizes.
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| 3. |
- Lisa Pinardi, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Tailored Formation of N-Doped Nanoarchitectures by Diffusion-Controlled on-Surface (Cyclo)-Dehydrogenation of Heteroaromatics
- 2013
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 7:4, s. 3676-3684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation and dehydrogenative polymerization of polycyclic (hetero)aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are among the most important strategies for bottom-up assembly of new nanostructures from their molecular building blocks. Although diverse compounds have been formed in recent years using this methodology, a limited knowledge on the molecular machinery operating at the nanoscale has prevented a rational control of the reaction outcome. We show that the strength of the PAH-substrate interaction rules the competitive reaction pathways (cyclodehydrogenation versus dehydrogenative polymerization). By controlling the diffusion of N-heteroaromatic precursors, the on-surface dehydrogenation can lead to monomolecular triazafullerenes and diazahexabenzocoronenes (N-doped nanographene), to N-doped oligomeric or polymeric networks, or to carbonaceous monolayers. Governing the on-surface dehydrogenation process is a step forward toward the tailored fabrication of molecular 2D nanoarchitectures distinct from graphene and exhibiting new properties of fundamental and technological interest.
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| 4. |
- Osorio, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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DNA Glycosylases Involved in Base Excision Repair May Be Associated with Cancer Risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers.
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the DNA Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway could be associated with cancer risk in carriers of mutations in the high-penetrance susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, given the relation of synthetic lethality that exists between one of the components of the BER pathway, PARP1 (poly ADP ribose polymerase), and both BRCA1 and BRCA2. In the present study, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of 18 genes involved in BER using a tagging SNP approach in a large series of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. 144 SNPs were analyzed in a two stage study involving 23,463 carriers from the CIMBA consortium (the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2). Eleven SNPs showed evidence of association with breast and/or ovarian cancer at p<0.05 in the combined analysis. Four of the five genes for which strongest evidence of association was observed were DNA glycosylases. The strongest evidence was for rs1466785 in the NEIL2 (endonuclease VIII-like 2) gene (HR: 1.09, 95% CI (1.03-1.16), p = 2.7×10-3) for association with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers, and rs2304277 in the OGG1 (8-guanine DNA glycosylase) gene, with ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR: 1.12 95%CI: 1.03-1.21, p = 4.8×10-3). DNA glycosylases involved in the first steps of the BER pathway may be associated with cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and should be more comprehensively studied.
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| 5. |
- Prasetyo, Endry Nugroho, et al.
(författare)
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Polymerization of lignosulfonates by the laccase-HBT (1-hydroxybenzotriazole) system improves dispersibility
- 2010
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 101:14, s. 5054-5062
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of laccases from Trametes villosa (TvL), Myceliophthora thermophila (MtL), Trametes hirsuta (ThL) and Bacillus subtilis (BsL) to improve the dispersion properties of calcium lignosulfonates 398 in the presence of HBT as a mediator was investigated. Size exclusion chromatography showed an extensive increase in molecular weight of the samples incubated with TvL and ThL by 107% and 572% from 28400 Da after 17 h of incubation, respectively. Interestingly, FTIR spectroscopy. C-13 NMR and Py-GC/MS analysis of the treated samples suggested no substantial changes in the aromatic signal of the lignosulfonates, a good indication of the ability of TvL/ThL-HBT systems to limit their effect on functional groups without degrading the lignin backbone. Further, the enzymatic treatments led to a general increase in the dispersion properties, indeed a welcome development for its application in polymer blends. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Ziolek, Marcin, et al.
(författare)
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A photo-induced electron transfer study of an organic dye anchored on the surfaces of TiO2 nanotubes and nanoparticles
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 13:9, s. 4032-4044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on femtosecond-nanosecond (fs-ns) studies of the triphenylamine organic dye (TPC1) interacting with titania nanoparticles of different sizes, nanotubes and nanorods. We used time-resolved emission and absorption spectroscopy to measure the photoinduced dynamics of forward and back electron transfer processes taking place in TPC1-titania complexes in acetonitrile (ACN) and dichloromethane (DCM) solutions. We observed that the electron injection from the dye to titania occurs in a multi-exponential way with the main contribution of 100 fs from the hot excited charge-transfer state of anchored TPC1. This process competes with the relaxation of the excited state, mainly governed by solvation, that takes place with average time constants of 400 fs in ACN and 1.3 ps in DCM solutions. A minor contribution to the electron injection process takes place with longer time constants of about 1-10 ps from the relaxed excited state of TPC1. The latter times and their contribution do not depend on the size of the nanoparticles, but are substantially smaller in the case of nanotubes (1-3 ps), probably due to the caging effect. The contribution is also smaller in DCM than in ACN. The efficient back recombination takes place also in a multi-exponential way with times of 1 ps, 15 ps and 1 ns, and only 20-30% of the initial injected electrons in the conduction band are left within the first 1 ns after excitation. The faster recombination rates are suggested due to those originating from the free electrons in the conduction band of titania or the electrons in the shallow trap states, while the slower recombination is due to the electrons in the deep trap states. The results reported here should be relevant to a better understanding of the photobehaviour of an organic dye with promising potential for use in solar cells. They should also help to determine the important factors that limit the efficiency of solar cells based on the triphenylamine-based dyes for solar energy conversion.
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