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| 2. |
- Kolczewski, C., et al.
(författare)
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Detailed study of pyridine at the C1s and N1s ionization thresholds : The influence of the vibrational fine structure
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 115:14, s. 6426-6437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High resolution, vibrationally resolved, near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra at the C 1s and N 1s ionization thresholds of pyridine and deuterated d(5)-pyridine in the gas phase have been recorded. The high resolution of 65 meV (150 meV) at the C s (N 1s) ionization thresholds reveals vibrational structures in the spectra. Detailed ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to interpret the experimental spectra and to assign the observed peaks. In particular we focused on the previously unexplained intensity ratio for the two components of the C1s -->1 pi* transition. For this transition the vibrational structure is included through a linear coupling model in the DFT calculations and leads to the experimentally observed similar to2:3 intensity ratio between the two pi* components in the C1s spectrum rather than the similar to3:2 ratio obtained without vibrational effects. After inclusion of relaxation effects in the excited states, in addition to the vibrational effects, both theoretical methods yield almost perfect agreement with experiment.
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| 6. |
- Bastviken, S K, et al.
(författare)
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Potential nitrification and denitrification on different surfaces in a constructed treatment wetland
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Quality. - 0047-2425. ; 32:6, s. 2414-2420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved understanding of the importance of different surfaces in supporting attached nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria is essential if we are to optimize the N removal capacity of treatment wetlands. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the nitrifying and denitrifying capacity of different surfaces in a constructed treatment wetland and to assess the relative importance of these surfaces for overall N removal in the wetland. Intact sediment cores, old pine and spruce twigs, shoots of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), and filamentous macro-algae were collected in July and November 1999 in two basins of the wetland system. One of the basins had been constructed on land that contained lots of wood debris, particularly twigs of coniferous trees. Potential nitrification was measured using the isotope-dilution technique, and potential denitrification was determined using the acetylene-inhibition technique in laboratory microcosm incubations. Nitrification rates were highest on the twigs. These rates were three and 100 times higher than in the sediment and on Eurasian watermilfoil, respectively. Potential denitrification rates were highest in the sediment. These rates were three times higher than on the twigs and 40 times higher than on Eurasian watermilfoil. The distribution of denitrifying bacteria was most likely due to the availability of organic material, with higher denitrification rates in the sediment than on surfaces in the water column. Our results indicate that denitrification, and particularly nitrification, in treatment wetlands could be significantly increased by addition of surfaces such as twigs.
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| 7. |
- Burmeister, F., et al.
(författare)
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A study of the inner-valence ionization region in HCl and DCl
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 37:6, s. 1173-1183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An in-depth photoionization study of the inner-valence electrons in HCl and DCl has been performed using synchrotron radiation. A series of photoelectron spectra of HCl were obtained at a resolution of 23 meV over the binding energy range 25-30.5 eV at various excitation energies and at two different electron collection angles relative to the plane of polarization of the undulator radiation. In addition, photoelectron spectra of DCl were recorded at two different excitation energies. These spectra were compared directly with the threshold photoelectron spectra of HCl and DCl that were recorded previously under similar resolution conditions (similar to30 meV). This comparative study reveals new information on the nature of the numerous band systems observed in this binding energy region. In addition, we present the experimental confirmation of the theoretical prediction given by Andersson et al (2001 Phys. Rev. A 65 012705) that a vibrational progression showing interference structure would appear in the main inner-valence ionization band in the photoelectron spectrum of DCl at a resolution of 10 meV.
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| 8. |
- Dos Santos, V A P Martins, et al.
(författare)
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Insights into the genomic basis of niche specificity of Pseudomonas putida KT2440.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Environmental microbiology. - : Wiley. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 6:12, s. 1264-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major challenge in microbiology is the elucidation of the genetic and ecophysiological basis of habitat specificity of microbes. Pseudomonas putida is a paradigm of a ubiquitous metabolically versatile soil bacterium. Strain KT2440, a safety strain that has become a laboratory workhorse worldwide, has been recently sequenced and its genome annotated. By drawing on both published information and on original in silico analysis of its genome, we address here the question of what genomic features of KT2440 could explain or are consistent with its ubiquity, metabolic versatility and adaptability. The genome of KT2440 exhibits combinations of features characteristic of terrestrial, rhizosphere and aquatic bacteria, which thrive in either copiotrophic or oligotrophic habitats, and suggests that P. putida has evolved and acquired functions that equip it to thrive in diverse, often inhospitable environments, either free-living, or in close association with plants. The high diversity of protein families encoded by its genome, the large number and variety of small aralogous families, insertion elements, repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences, as well as the mosaic structure of the genome (with many regions of 'atypical' composition) and the multiplicity of mobile elements, reflect a high functional diversity in P. putida and are indicative of its evolutionary trajectory and adaptation to the diverse habitats in which it thrives. The unusual wealth of determinants for high affinity nutrient acquisition systems, mono- and di-oxygenases, oxido-reductases, ferredoxins and cytochromes, dehydrogenases, sulfur metabolism proteins, for efflux pumps and glutathione-S-transfereases, and for the extensive array of extracytoplasmatic function sigma factors, regulators, and stress response systems, constitute the genomic basis for the exceptional nutritional versatility and opportunism of P. putida , its ubiquity in diverse soil, rhizosphere and aquatic systems, and its renowned tolerance of natural and anthropogenic stresses. This metabolic diversity is also the basis of the impressive evolutionary potential of KT2440, and its utility for the experimental design of novel pathways for the catabolism of organic, particularly aromatic, pollutants, and its potential for bioremediation of soils contaminated with such compounds as well as for its application in the production of high-added value compounds.
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| 9. |
- Kallner Bastviken, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Potential nitrification and denitrification on different surfaces in a constructed treatment wetland
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of environmental quality. - 0047-2425. ; 32:6, s. 2414-2420
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved understanding of the importance of different surfaces in supporting attached nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria is essential if we are to optimize the N removal capacity of treatment wetlands. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the nitrifying and denitrifying capacity of different surfaces in a constructed treatment wetland and to assess the relative importance of these surfaces for overall N removal in the wetland. Intact sediment cores, old pine and spruce twigs, shoots of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), and filamentous macro-algae were collected in July and November 1999 in two basins of the wetland system. One of the basins had been constructed on land that contained lots of wood debris, particularly twigs of coniferous trees. Potential nitrification was measured using the isotope-dilution technique, and potential denitrification was determined using the acetylene-inhibition technique in laboratory microcosm incubations. Nitrification rates were highest on the twigs. These rates were three and 100 times higher than in the sediment and on Eurasian watermilfoil, respectively. Potential denitrification rates were highest in the sediment. These rates were three times higher than on the twigs and 40 times higher than on Eurasian watermilfoil. The distribution of denitrifying bacteria was most likely due to the availability of organic material, with higher denitrification rates in the sediment than on surfaces in the water column. Our results indicate that denitrification, and particularly nitrification, in treatment wetlands could be significantly increased by addition of surfaces such as twigs.
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| 10. |
- Sonderegger, M, et al.
(författare)
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Fermentation performance of engineered and evolved xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - : Wiley. - 1097-0290 .- 0006-3592. ; 87:1, s. 90-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignocellulose hydrolysate is an abundant substrate for bioethanol production. The ideal microorganism for such a fermentation process should combine rapid and efficient conversion of the available carbon sources to ethanol with high tolerance to ethanol and to inhibitory components in the hydrolysate. A particular biological problem are the pentoses, which are not naturally metabolized by the main industrial ethanol producer Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several recombinant, mutated, and evolved xylose fermenting S. cerevisiae strains have been developed recently. We compare here the fermentation performance and robustness of eight recombinant strains and two evolved populations on glucose/xylose mixtures in defined and lignocellulose hydrolysate-containing medium. Generally, the polyploid industrial strains depleted xylose faster and were more resistant to the hydrolysate than the laboratory strains. The industrial strains accumulated, however, up to 30% more xylitol and therefore produced less ethanol than the haploid strains. The three most attractive strains were the mutated and selected, extremely rapid xylose consumer TMB3400, the evolved C5 strain with the highest achieved ethanol titer, and the engineered industrial F12 strain with by far the highest robustness to the lignocellulosic hydrolysate. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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