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- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes toward uncertainty among the poor: An experiment in rural Ethiopia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Theory and Decision. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0040-5833 .- 1573-7187. ; 73:3, s. 453-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate risk and ambiguity attitudes among Ethiopian farmers in one of the poorest regions of the world. Strong risk aversion and ambiguity aversion were found with the Ethiopian farmers. We compared their attitudes to those of a Western university student sample elicited by the same decision task. Ambiguity aversion was similar for farmers and students, but farmers were more risk averse. Our results show that ambiguity aversion is not restricted to Western student populations, and that studies of agricultural decisions may benefit from explicitly considering ambiguity attitudes.
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- Berbegall, A. P., et al.
(författare)
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Neuroblastoma after childhood: prognostic relevance of segmental chromosome aberrations, ATRX protein status, and immune cell infiltration
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neoplasia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1522-8002 .- 1476-5586. ; 16:6, s. 471-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common malignancy in children but rarely occurs during adolescence or adulthood. This subgroup is characterized by an indolent disease course, almost uniformly fatal, yet little is known about the biologic characteristics. The aim of this study was to identify differential features regarding DNA copy number alterations, α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) protein expression, and the presence of tumor-associated inflammatory cells. Thirty-one NB patients older than 10 years who were included in the Spanish NB Registry were considered for the current study; seven young and middle-aged adult patients (range 18-60 years) formed part of the cohort. We performed single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, immunohistochemistry for immune markers (CD4, CD8, CD20, CD11b, CD11c, and CD68), and ATRX protein expression. Assorted genetic profiles were found with a predominant presence of a segmental chromosome aberration (SCA) profile. Preadolescent and adolescent NB tumors showed a higher number of SCA, including 17q gain and 11q deletion. There was also a marked infiltration of immune cells, mainly high and heterogeneous, in young and middle-aged adult tumors. ATRX negative expression was present in the tumors. The characteristics of preadolescent, adolescent, young adult, and middle-aged adult NB tumors are different, not only from childhood NB tumors but also from each other. Similar examinations of a larger number of such tumor tissues from cooperative groups should lead to a better older age-dependent tumor pattern and to innovative, individual risk-adapted therapeutic approaches for these patients. Copyright © 2014 Neoplasia Press, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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- Cui, Yue, et al.
(författare)
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Mouse Mast Cell Protease-6 and MHC Are Involved in the Development of Experimental Asthma
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 193:10, s. 4783-4789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic asthma is a complex disease with a strong genetic component where mast cells play a major role by the release of proinflammatory mediators. In the mouse, mast cell protease-6 (mMCP-6) closely resembles the human version of mast cell tryptase, beta-tryptase. The gene that encodes mMCP-6, Tpsb2, resides close by the H-2 complex (MHC gene) on chromosome 17. Thus, when the original mMCP-6 knockout mice were backcrossed to the BALB/c strain, these mice were carrying the 129/Sv haplotype of MHC (mMCP-6(-/-)/H-2bc). Further backcrossing yielded mMCP-6(-/-) mice with the BALB/c MHC locus. BALB/c mice were compared with mMCP-6(-/-) and mMCP-6(-/-)/H-2bc mice in a mouse model of experimental asthma. Although OVA-sensitized and challenged wild type mice displayed a striking airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), mMCP-6(-/-) mice had less AHR that was comparable with that of mMCP-6(-/-)/H-2bc mice, suggesting that mMCP-6 is required for a full-blown AHR. The mMCP-6(-/-)/H-2bc mice had strikingly reduced lung inflammation, IgE responses, and Th2 cell responses upon sensitization and challenge, whereas the mMCP-6(-/-) mice responded similarly to the wild type mice but with a minor decrease in bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils. These findings suggest that inflammatory Th2 responses are highly dependent on the MHC-haplotype and that they can develop essentially independently of mMCP-6, whereas mMCP-6 plays a key role in the development of AHR.
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- Ferreira, S., et al.
(författare)
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Life satisfaction and air quality in Europe
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8009. ; 88, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concerns for environmental quality and its impact on people's welfare are fundamental arguments for the adoption of environmental legislation in most countries. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between air quality and subjective well-being in Europe. We use a unique dataset that merges three waves of the European Social Survey with a new dataset on environmental quality including SO2 concentrations and climate in Europe at the regional level. We find a robust negative impact of SO2 concentrations on self-reported life satisfaction.
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