| 1. |
- Wallin, Paul, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Anakena Re-visited : New Perspectives on Old Problems at Anakena, Rapa Nui
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: The Prehistory of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783030911263 - 9783030911270 ; , s. 109-137
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is now over 30 years since we participated in the large-scale archaeological excavations at Anakena (Fig. 6.1). The results of the excavations are published in the Kon-Tiki Museum Occasional Papers (Skjølsvold 1994). The accumulated results from archaeological research on Rapa Nui subsequent to our initial excavations at Anakena justify a re-assessment of the remains and the chronological aspects at this site. New radiocarbon-dated samples have been added to the analysis and discussion of Rapa Nui prehistory, and old samples have been re-analyzed several times (see, for example, Martinsson-Wallin et al. 2013; Martinsson-Wallin and Crockford 2002; Wallin et al. 2010; Wilmshurst et al. 2011).In this respect, we suggest that it is important to re-analyze the activity and settlement sites and monuments at Anakena and their importance for ritual activities from the time of initial colonization onward. The aim of this paper is to provide new explanations and interpretations of the formation processes of the Anakena site with special attention to the activity area we named Nau Nau East (Fig. 6.2). Featuresobserved in this activity area included a small standing stone image upright that was crudely carved, hearths, refusal pits, postholes, grinding activities and a stone line demarcation.
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| 2. |
- Berenguer, Paloma, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and South American crops introduced during early settlement of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), as revealed through starch analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Starch residue analysis was carried out on stone tools recovered from the bottom layer of the Anakena site on Rapa Nui (Easter Island). These deposits have been dated to AD 1000–1300 AD and so far, represent the earliest evidence of human settlement on this island. Twenty obsidian tools were analyzed. Analysis of 46 starch grains recovered from 20 obsidian tools from the earliest dated level of the Anakena site on Rapa Nui provides direct evidence for translocation of traditional crop plants at initial stages of the colonization of this island. The analysis of starch grains was based mainly on statistical methods for species identification but was complemented by visual inspection in some cases. Our results identify taxons previously unknown to have been cultivated on the island, such as breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), Zingiber officinale (ginger), and starch grains of the Spondias dulcis and Inocarpus fagifer tropical trees. Additionally, starch grains of Colocasia esculenta (taro) and Dioscorea sp. (yam), both common species in Pacific agriculture, were identified. Furthermore, the presence of four American taxa Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Canna sp. (achira), Manihot esculenta (manioc), and Xanthosoma sp., was detected. The occurrence of Canna sp., M. esculenta, and Xanthosoma sp. starch grains suggests the translocation of previously not described South American cultivars into the Pacific. The detection of I. batatas from this site in Rapa Nui constitutes the earliest record of this cultigen in the Pacific. Our study provides direct evidence for translocation of a set of traditional Polynesian and South American crop plants at the initial stages of colonization in Rapa Nui.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Martinsson-Wallin, Helene, 1959-
(författare)
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Warfare in Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archaeological Perspectives on Conflict and Warfare in Australia and the Pacific. - Canberra : Australian National University Press. - 9781760464882 - 9781760464899 ; , s. 69-87
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence of massacre, trauma on human skeletal remains, finds of used weapons, depictions of fighting on rock carvings and pottery, destruction of monuments, built defensive structures such as earth forts, and descriptions of warfare and violence in oral traditions point to the existence of organised warfare in pre-text societies. The aim of this chapter is to review and discuss the evidence of warfare and violence in pre- and protohistoric Rapa Nui (Easter Island) using data from oral traditions, the analysis of material culture, and information from human skeletal remains.
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| 5. |
- Poort, Marije Eileen, et al.
(författare)
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“Authenticity” as a Pathway to Sustainable Cultural Tourism? : The Cases of Gotland and Rapa Nui
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, two World Heritage island destinations are compared, Gotland in the Baltic and Rapa Nui in the Pacific. Both islands deal with a growing number of tourists, which asks for rethinking of tourism development. As cultural heritage plays a major role in tourism for both destinations, it is especially important to look into sustainable cultural tourism development from the perspective of authenticity. The paper is based on a variety of materials and takes an innovative approach to methods through a student–staff collaboration. The data show that social acceptance of tourism by local communities on both islands could be achieved through the creation of authentic experiences. Furthermore, data show that it is rather potent to engage both locals and tourists in modernized authentic experiences. However, this can only be done if locals are empowered and are genuinely allowed to steer the development of tourism.
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| 6. |
- Poort, Marije, et al.
(författare)
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More or less? : A conjunctural analysis of differing views on the development of cruise tourism
- 2021
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Ingår i: Studia Periegetica. - : WSB University in Poznań. - 1897-9262 .- 2658-1736. ; 36:4, s. 49-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is based on a qualitative study regarding two World Heritage Island destinations, Gotland in the Baltic Sea and Rapa Nui in the Pacific Ocean. The two islands are used as cases illustrating different views on the development of cruise tourism. By applying conjunctural analysis the authors are able to account for the broader context of cruise tourism. Different perspectives on cruise tourism are found to be embedded in both local and global contexts, which are associated with three kinds of challenges: cruise tourism is developing without the local community’s involvement in decision making, it is not aligned with the aims of local tourism and ignores local products and services. We therefore call for more involvement of the local community in the development of cruise tourism.
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| 7. |
- Strandberg, Nichola Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape development at Lina myr fen, Eastern Gotland, 9000-2500 cal. yr BP
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 30:8, s. 1205-1219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using diatoms, pollen, and geochemistry, we explore human habitation around Lina myr, Gotland, in relation to shore displacement. Archeological evidence has shown that Lina myr was an important area for its prehistoric human inhabitants. We investigate if and when Lina myr was connected to the sea and could therefore have been part of an inland water system useful for transport. A chronology was based on C-14 AMS dating of terrestrial macrofossils and bulk sediments with dates ranging between 9100 and 2360 cal. yr BP. The initiation of the Littorina transgression was dated to 8500 cal. yr BP. A twofold pattern for the maximum sub-phase of the Littorina Sea is suggested from 8100 to 7500 cal. yr BP and from 6500 to 6000 cal. yr BP. The onset of cultivation and grazing was indicated by the presence of Hordeum and Plantago lanceolata in the pollen record during the Late Neolithic, at about 4580 cal. yr BP. During this time sea level was relatively higher than today and the Lina myr basin was connected with the Littorina Sea, which it continued to be until isostatic uplift caused it to become isolated at about 3820 cal. yr BP. After about 3000 cal. yr BP, human-made landscape changes intensified, grasslands increased, and shrublands decreased.
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