| 1. |
- de Jong, Roelof S., et al.
(författare)
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4MOST-4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 9147
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with similar to 2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; similar to 1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R> 5000 (lambda similar to 390-930 nm) and similar to 800 fibres to a spectrograph with R> 18,000 (lambda similar to 392-437 nm & 515-572 nm & 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].
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| 2. |
- Haynes, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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The 4MOST instrument concept overview
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 9147, s. 91476-91476
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 4MOST([1]) instrument is a concept for a wide-field, fibre-fed high multiplex spectroscopic instrument facility on the ESO VISTA telescope designed to perform a massive (initially >25x10(6) spectra in 5 years) combined all-sky public survey. The main science drivers are: Gaia follow up of chemo-dynamical structure of the Milky Way, stellar radial velocities, parameters and abundances, chemical tagging; eROSITA follow up of cosmology with x-ray clusters of galaxies, X-ray AGN/galaxy evolution to z similar to 5, Galactic X-ray sources and resolving the Galactic edge; Euclid/LSST/SKA and other survey follow up of Dark Energy, Galaxy evolution and transients. The surveys will be undertaken simultaneously requiring: highly advanced targeting and scheduling software, also comprehensive data reduction and analysis tools to produce high-level data products. The instrument will allow simultaneous observations of similar to 1600 targets at R similar to 5,000 from 390-900nm and similar to 800 targets at R>18,000 in three channels between similar to 395-675nm (channel bandwidth: 45nm blue, 57nm green and 69nm red) over a hexagonal field of view of similar to 4.1 degrees2. The initial 5-year 4MOST survey is currently expect to start in 2020. We provide and overview of the 4MOST systems: opto-mechanical, control, data management and operations concepts; and initial performance estimates.
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| 3. |
- Ivanov, Sergey A., et al.
(författare)
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Chemical pressure effects on structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of solid solutions Mn3-xCoxTeO6
- 2014
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Ingår i: Materials research bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-5408 .- 1873-4227. ; 50, s. 42-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of Co2+ doping on the structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of the multiferroic frustrated antiferromagnet Mn3TeO6 have been investigated. Ceramic samples of the solid solution series Mn3-xCoxTeO6 were prepared by a solid-state reaction route. X-ray and neutron powder diffraction and electron microscopy techniques were combined with calorimetric, dielectric and magnetic measurements to investigate the dependence of the crystal structure and physical properties on temperature and composition. It is shown that the compounds with x <= 2.4 adopt the trigonal corundum-related structure of pure Mn3TeO6 (space group 18) in the temperature range 5-295 K and that the lattice parameters a and c and the unit-cell volume V decrease linearly with increasing Co2+ concentration. The low-temperature magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity data evidence the antiferromagnetic ordering of all samples. The Neel temperature linearly increases with Co2+ concentration x. Curie-Weiss fits of the high temperature susceptibility indicate that the magnetic frustration decreases with x. The derived magnetic structure of Mn3TeO6 can be described as an incommensurately modulated magnetic spin state with k = [0, 0, k(z)] and an elliptical spin-spiral order of spins within the chains of MnO6 octahedra. With increasing Co2+ concentration the propagation vector kz changes from 0.453 (x = 0) to 0.516 (x = 2.4). The magnetic anisotropy changes as well, leading to a reorientation of the spiral-basal plane. A possible coexistence of long-range order of electrical dipoles and magnetic moments in Mn3-xCoxTeO6 is discussed.
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| 4. |
- Ivanov, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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Neutron diffraction studies and the magnetism of an ordered perovskite : Ba2CoTeO6
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 39:23, s. 5490-5499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complex perovskite Ba2CoTeO6 (BCTO) has been synthesised, and the crystal structure and magnetic properties have been investigated using a combination of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, electron microscopy and dielectric, calorimetric and magnetic measurements. It is shown that at room temperature this compound adopts the 6L-trigonal perovskite structure, space group P (3) over barm (s.g. 164) (a = 5.7996(1) angstrom, c = 14.2658(3) angstrom). The structure comprises dimers of face-sharing octahedra as well as octahedra which share only vertices with their neighbours. Dielectric measurements indicate a diffuse transition of antiferroelectric nature near 280 K. A long-range antiferromagnetically ordered state has been identified from neutron diffraction and magnetic studies. The magnetic diffraction peaks were registered below the magnetic transition at about 15 K and a possible model for the magnetic structure is proposed. The structural and magnetic features of this compound are discussed and compared with those of other Co-based quaternary oxides adopting the perovskite structure.
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| 5. |
- Ivanov, Sergey A., et al.
(författare)
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New type of incommensurate magnetic ordering in Mn(3)TeO(6)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Materials research bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-5408 .- 1873-4227. ; 46:11, s. 1870-1877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complex metal oxide Mn(3)TeO(6) exhibits a corundum related structure and has been prepared both in forms of single crystals by chemical transport reactions and of polycrystalline powders by a solid state reaction route. The crystal structure and magnetic properties have been investigated using a combination of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, electron microscopy, calorimetric and magnetic measurements. At room temperature this compound adopts a trigonal structure, space group R (3) over bar with a = 8.8679(1) angstrom. c = 10.6727(2) angstrom. A long-range magnetically ordered state is identified below 23 K. An unexpected feature of this magnetic structure is several types of Mn-chains. Under the action of the incommensurate magnetic propagation vector k = [0, 0, 0.4302(1)] the unique Mn site is split into two magnetically different orbits. One orbit forms a perfect helix with the spiral axis along the c-axis while the other orbit has a sine wave character along the c-axis.
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| 6. |
- Ivanov, Sergey A., et al.
(författare)
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Preparation, structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of LaFeO3-PbTiO3 solid solutions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Materials research bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-5408 .- 1873-4227. ; 47:11, s. 3253-3268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid solutions of (1−x)LaFeO3–(x)PbTiO3 (0 < x < 1) have been prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. These complex perovskites have been studied by means of X-ray (XRPD) and neutron powder (NPD) diffraction, complemented with dielectric, magnetic, heat capacity and Mössbauer measurements. Complete solubility in the perovskite series was demonstrated. The NPD and XRPD patterns were successfully refined as orthorhombic (x ≤ 0.7) and tetragonal (x ≥ 0.8). A composition-driven phase transformation occurs within the interval 0.7 < x < 0.8. The samples with x < 0.5 showed evidence of long-range magnetic ordering with an G-type antiferromagnetic arrangement of the magnetic moments of the Fe3+ cations in the B-site with propagation vector k = (0,0,0). Based on the obtained experimental data, a combined structural and magnetic phase diagram has been constructed. The factors governing the structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of (1−x)LaFeO3–(x)PbTiO3 solid solutions are discussed, as well as their possible multiferroicity.
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| 7. |
- Ivanov, Sergey A., et al.
(författare)
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Spin and Dipole Ordering in Ni2InSbO6 and Ni2ScSbO6 with Corundum-Related Structure
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 25:6, s. 935-945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complex metal oxides Ni2InSbO6 (NISO) and Ni2ScSbO6 (NSSO) have been prepared in the form of polycrystalline powders by a solid state reaction route. The crystal structure and magnetic properties of the compounds were investigated using a combination of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, electron microscopy, calorimetric, and magnetic measurements. The compounds adopt a trigonal structure, space group R3, of the corundum related Ni3TeO6 (NTO) type. Only one of the octahedral Ni positions (Ni(2)) of the NTO structure was found to be occupied by In (Sc). NTO has noncentrosymmetric structure and is ferroelectric below 1000 K; dielectric and second harmonic measurements suggest that also NISO and NSSO are correspondingly ferroelectric. Magnetization measurements signified antiferromagnetic ordering below T-N = 60 K (NSSO) and 76 K (NISO). The magnetic structure is formed by two antiferromagnetically coupled incommensurate helices with the spiral axis along the b-axis and propagation vector k = [0, k(y),0] with k(y) = 0.036(1) (NSSO) and k(y) = 0.029(1) (NISO). The observed structural and magnetic properties of NISO and NSSO are discussed and compared with those of NTO.
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| 8. |
- Ivanov, Sergey A, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and magnetic properties of Mn3-xCdxTeO6 (x = 0, 1, 1.5 and 2)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-8853 .- 1873-4766. ; 324:8, s. 1637-1644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mn(3)TeO(6) exhibits a corundum-related A(3)TeO(6) structure and a complex magnetic structure involving two magnetic orbits for the Mn atoms [Ivanov et al., 2011 [3]]. Mn(3-x)Cd(x)TeO(6) (x = 0, 1, 1.5, and 2) ceramics were synthesized by solid state reaction and investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, and calorimetric and magnetic measurements. Cd(2+) replaces Mn(2+) cations without greatly affecting the structure of the compound. The Mn and Cd cations were found to be randomly distributed over the A-site. Magnetization measurements indicated that the samples order antiferromagnetically at low temperature with a transition temperature that decreases with increasing Cd doping. The nuclear and magnetic structure of one specially prepared (114)Cd containing sample: Mn(1.5) (114)Cd(1.5)TeO(6), was studied using neutron powder diffraction over the temperature range 2-295 K. Mn(1.5) (114)Cd(1.5)TeO(6) was found to order in an incommensurate helical magnetic structure, very similar to that of Mn(3)TeO(6) [Ivanov et al., 2011 [3]]. However, with a lower transition temperature and the extension of the ordered structure confined to order 240(10) angstrom.
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| 9. |
- Ivanov, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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Structural and magnetic properties of the ordered perovskite Pb2CoTeO6
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 39:46, s. 11136-11148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complex perovskite Pb2CoTeO6 (PCTO) has been prepared as polycrystalline powders by a solid state reaction route, and the crystal structure and magnetic properties have been investigated using a combination of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, electron microscopy, dielectric, calorimetric and magnetic measurements. It was shown that at room temperature this compound adopts a trigonal perovskite structure, space group R (3) over bar (a = 5.6782(1) angstrom, c = 13.8552(3) angstrom). The compound undergoes a number of temperature-induced phase transitions and adopts four different structures in the temperature range 5 500 K: monoclinic in P2(1)/n (5 < T < 125 K, tilt system (a(+)b(-)b(-))), monoclinic in I2/m (125 < T < 210 K, tilt system (a(0)b(-)b(-))), rhombohedral in R (3) over bar (210 < T < 370 K, tilt system (a(-)a(-)a(-))), and finally cubic in Fm (3) over barm (above 370 K without any tilting). These structural phase transitions are coupled to changes in the dielectric constant and the heat capacity around 210 and 370 K. A long-range antiferromagnetically ordered state has been identified from neutron powder diffraction and magnetic studies at different temperatures. Magnetic diffraction peaks were registered below the transition at about 16 K and a possible model for the magnetic structure is proposed. Possible coexistence of long-range ordering of the electrical dipoles and the magnetic moments at low temperatures making PCTO a potential multiferroic candidate is discussed.
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| 10. |
- Ivanov, Sergey A., et al.
(författare)
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Temperature-dependent multi-k magnetic structure in multiferroic Co3TeO6
- 2012
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Ingår i: Materials research bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-5408 .- 1873-4227. ; 47:1, s. 63-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A complex magnetic order of the multiferroic compound Co(3)TeO(6) has been revealed by neutron powder diffraction studies on ceramics and crushed single crystals. The compound adopts a monoclinic structure (s.g. C2/c) in the studied temperature range 2-300 K but exhibits successive antiferromagnetic transitions at low temperature. Incommensurate antiferromagnetic order with the propagation vector k(1) = (0, 0.485, 0.055) sets in at 26 K. A transition to a second antiferromagnetic structure with k(2) = (0, 0, 0) takes place at 21.1 K. Moreover, a transition to a commensurate antiferromagnetic structure with k(3) = (0, 0.5, 0.25) occurs at 17.4 K. The magnetic structures have been determined by neutron powder diffraction using group theory analysis as a preliminary tool. Different coordinations of the Co(2+) ions involved in the low-symmetry C2/c structure of Co(3)TeO(6) render the exchange-interaction network very complex by itself. The observed magnetic phase transformations are interpreted as an evidence of competing magnetic interactions. The temperature dependent changes in the magnetic structure, derived from refinements of high-resolution neutron data, are discussed and possible mechanisms connected with the spin reorientations are described.
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