| 1. |
- Jarfors, Anders, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Use in High Pressure Die Casting on Vibenite®60 Tool Inserts Madeby Additive Manufacturing
- 2016
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Ingår i: DDMC2016 Frauenhofer Direct Digital Manufacturing Conference. - : Fraunhofer IRB Verlag. - 9783839610015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermo-physical and mechanical properties of Vibenite®60 was investigated in the as-manufactured, soft annealed and hardened state as well as after use in full scale high pressure die casting. Thermal conductivity in the as manufactured state was 23.3 to 27.5 W/mK in the temperature range from 25°C to 500°C. Annealing increased thermal conductivity to 25.0 up to 29.2 W/mK. Hardening reduced thermal conductivity of 19.8 to 26.1 W/mK. The tool wastested in production in the as fabricated state displayed a slight increase in thermal conductivity, which was interpreted as a slight tempering during use. Hardness measurements were made at room temperature and followed the same pattern as the thermo-physical properties. Rockwell and Vickers Hardness was lowest in the as lowest in the annealed state and hardest in the hardened state. Rockwell hardness was not affected by use in production while Vickers hardness decreased slightly.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Matsushita, Taishi, et al.
(författare)
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On the specific heat and thermal diffusivity of CGI and SGI cast irons
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cast Metals Research. - : Maney Publishing. - 1364-0461 .- 1743-1336. ; 30:5, s. 276-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The specific heat and thermal diffusivity of Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI) and Spheroidal Graphite Iron (SGI) were measured at temperatures ranging between 373 and 773 K (100 and 500 °C) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and between 298 and 773 K (25 and 500 °C) using the laser flash method, respectively. Specific heat increased with increasing amounts of graphite and pearlite, as well as with Si content. As a recommended value of the specific heat for fully ferritic high-silicon SGI, the following relation was suggested:(Formula presented.) where T is the temperature in Celsius, (Formula presented.) is the mass% of Si, and fg is the area fraction of graphite (%). The thermal diffusivity of cast irons tends to increase with increasing amounts of graphite, and decrease with greater nodularity. It was found that nodularity had a strong influence on thermal diffusivity in the nodularity range of 15–30%.
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| 4. |
- Matsushita, Taishi, et al.
(författare)
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On the thermal conductivity of CGI and SGI cast irons
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cast Metals Research. - : Maney Publishing. - 1364-0461 .- 1743-1336. ; 31:3, s. 135-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermal conductivity of Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI) and spheroidal graphite iron (SGI) was established in the temperature range from room temperature up to 500 °C using the experimental thermal diffusivity, density and specific heat values. The influence of nodularity, graphite amount, silicon content and temperature on the thermal conductivity of fully ferritic high-silicon cast irons was investigated. It was found that the CGI materials showed higher thermal conductivity than the SGI materials. The thermal conductivity tended to increase with increasing temperature until it reached a maximum followed by a subsequent decrease as temperature was increased up to 500 °C. Conventional models were applied to estimate thermal conductivity and the predictive accuracy of each model was evaluated. The thermal conductivity could be estimated by the Helsing model. The Maxwell model, Bruggeman model and Hashin–Shtrikman model were also in fair agreement using the thermal conductivity value of graphite parallel to the basal planes in graphite.
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| 5. |
- Matsushita, Taishi, et al.
(författare)
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On Thermal Expansion and Density of CGI and SGI Cast Irons
- 2015
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Ingår i: Metals. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4701. ; 5:2, s. 1000-1019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermal expansion and density of Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI) and Spheroidal Graphite Iron (SGI) were measured in the temperature range of 25–500 °C using push-rod type dilatometer. The coefficient of the thermal expansion (CTE) of cast iron can be expressed by the following equation: CTE = 1.38 × 10−5 + 5.38 × 10−8 N − 5.85 × 10−7 G + 1.85 × 10−8 T − 2.41 × 10−6 RP/F − 1.28 × 10−8 NG − 2.97 × 10−7 GRP/F + 4.65 × 10−9 TRP/F + 1.08 × 10−7 G2 − 4.80 × 10−11 T2 (N: Nodularity, G: Area fraction of graphite (%), T: Temperature (°C), RP/F: Pearlite/Ferrite ratio in the matrix).
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Siafakas, Dimitrios, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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A particle population analysis in Ti- and Al- deoxidized Hadfield steels
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cast Metals Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-0461 .- 1743-1336. ; 31:3, s. 125-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A quantitative analysis of the amount, size and number of particles that precipitate in situ in titanium- and aluminium-treated Hadfield steel cast during pilot-scale experiments has been performed. SEM with EDS and automated particle analysis abilities was utilized for the analysis. Additionally, Thermo-Calc was used for thermodynamic calculations and Magma 5 for solidification and cooling simulations. Predicted particles sizes calculated with a model based on the Ostwald ripening mechanism were compared with the experimental data. The effect of solute availability, cooling rate and deoxidation practice on the particle population characteristics was determined. It was concluded that the amount, size and number of precipitating particles in Hadfield steel castings is possible to be controlled according to certain requirements by a careful selection of proper additives in proper amounts and also by the optimization of the casting process in aspects of deoxidation timing and control of the cooling rate of the castings.
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| 8. |
- Siafakas, Dimitrios, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of Viscosity of SiO2-CaO-Al2O3 Slag in Wide Temperature Range by Aerodynamic Levitation and Rotating Bob Methods and Sources of Systematic Error
- 2018
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Ingår i: International journal of microgravity science and application. - : Japan Society of Microgravity Application. - 0915-3616. ; 35:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viscosity measurements for SiO2-CaO-Al2O3 based ternary slags with low SiO2 content were performed for a wide temperature range utilizing the aerodynamic levitation and rotating bob methods. Aerodynamic levitation was used for temperatures >= 2229 K and the viscosity was calculated by the sample oscillation decay time. The rotating bob method was used for temperatures <= 1898 K and the viscosity was determined by the variation of the torque at different rotation speeds. Fitting curves were created using Mauro’s viscosity equation. The main sources of systematic error were identified to be the sample weight measurement, the resolution of the high-speed camera, the fitting of the linear trend line in the torque against rpm diagrams and the vertical position of the bob. The combined standard uncertainty from all error sources was calculated for both measurement methods.
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| 9. |
- Siafakas, Dimitrios, 1982-
(författare)
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On deoxidation practice and grain size of austenitic manganese steel
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The exceptional wear resistance and work hardenability, place Hadfield steel as one of themost important materials for manufacturing cast components used in the mining, crashing,drilling, and excavation industries. In all metallic alloys used for component casting, themechanical properties are highly influenced by the microstructure of the material. Castcomponents with finer microstructural characteristics are known to present bettermechanical properties and reduced risk of defects when compared with components witha coarser microstructure. A reduced grain size in Hadfield steel can increase the strengthof the material up to 30% and reduce the risk of porosity formation during solidification.The practice of adding selected compounds or alloying elements in a metal melt to modifyand refine the microstructure is called inoculation. It is currently one of the trendingmethods utilized in light-metal alloys and cast-iron components production but has not,yet, gained adequate acceptance in the steel casting industry because researchers have notbeen able to find proper inoculants.The main objective of this work is to investigate the qualitative and quantitativecharacteristics of the by-products of deoxidation of Hadfield steel that remain in thematerial after solidification and their positive or negative effect on the coarseness of thefinal as-cast microstructure. This type of research can help to identify the type of particlesor alloying elements that are most effective for refining the microstructure of austeniticsteels and pave the way for developing new or improving conventional deoxidation andinoculation processes that will, in turn, result in the improvement of the properties of thecomponent.The precipitation of particles and the as-cast grain size are studied in aluminum andtitanium deoxidized Hadfield steel samples acquired under pilot scale experimentalconditions. In the first part of this work, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics ofparticles such as type, morphology, composition amount and size are identified. Thesequence of precipitation is established. A model for predicting particle size and growth isdeveloped. The experimental results are compared against thermodynamic equilibriumcalculations and the precipitation mechanisms for each type of particles are described. Inthe second part, the as-cast grain size of samples with varying deoxidation treatments ismeasured. Then, the grain-size is correlated with certain particle characteristic and theparticles are ranked according to their ability to refine the microstructure. The particledisregistry with austenite is calculated and compared to the experimentally acquiredranking.
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| 10. |
- Siafakas, Dimitrios, 1982-
(författare)
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On particles and slags in steel casting
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hadfield steel is widely accepted as one of the most important steel alloys utilized in industrial applications where high impact strength and wear resistance is required. Like in most metallic alloys used for component casting, the mechanical properties of Hadfield steel are directly connected with the microstructure of the material. It has been reported that Hadfield steel components with fine microstructure can present up to 30% increased strength and reduced risk of porosity formation during solidification when compared with their coarser microstructure counterparts.In the light-metal alloy and cast-iron industry, one of the most widely used methods for achieving refinement of the microstructure of the material is known as inoculation. As the name implies, inoculation is the practice ofadding selected compounds or alloying elements in a metal melt that have the ability to promote rapid grain nucleation during solidification. Even though it has been proved that inoculation is one of the most efficient methods for the refinement of a wide variety of metallic alloys, it has not yet gained adequate acceptance in the steel casting industry because researchers have not yet been able to identify proper inoculants for steel.The efficiency of the microstructural refinement when inoculating is influenced by several factors like the type of inoculant used and the processing conditions during melting, deoxidation, casting and heat treatment. Following proper deoxidation methods and application of tailored oxidic slags during melting could significantly promote the precipitation of desired inclusions that can act as potent nucleation sites for grains or as grain growth inhibitors.In any case, efficient inoculation is influenced by the complex interaction between the inoculant, the oxide slag, and the melt. The way this interaction happens is in many ways dictated by the chemical and thermophysical properties of the substances involved. Therefore, obtaining accurate values of basic thermophysical properties like viscosity and interfacial tension by improving current and utilizing novel measurement methods could significantly help in the effort of identifying and efficiently utilizing potent inoculants for austenitic steels.Considering the above, this work has a dual objective. The primary aim is to investigate if any of the by-products of deoxidation of Hadfield steel that remain in the material after solidification can act as potent inoculants by examining their qualitative and quantitative characteristics and their influence on the as-cast microstructure of the steel. The secondary aim is to acquire accurate values for oxide slag viscosity and slag-iron interfacial tension at high temperatures using different measurement methods and investigate how thermophysical properties are influenced by thermal and compositional conditions. This type of research is important because not only it can help to identify which substances are potent inoculants for austenitic steels but also pave the way for developing new or improving conventional deoxidation and inoculation processes with the ultimate goal of improving the cast component’s mechanical properties.The work is divided into 3 different stages. The first stage is dedicated to high-temperature oxide slag viscosity measurements. The viscosity of oxide slags with varying composition is measured in a wide temperature range utilizing the rotational bob and aerodynamic levitation methods. The systematic error is defined, and the compositional and thermodynamic dependence of viscosity is explained. In the second stage, the precipitation of particles in aluminum and titanium deoxidized Hadfield steel is investigated. The characteristics of particles, including type, size, morphology, composition, population, and sequence of precipitation are identified. The results are then compared against thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, a particle growth mathematical model is developed and the precipitation mechanism of each type of particle is described. Finally, in the third stage, the as-cast grain size of samples produced with varying deoxidation procedures is measured and the relationship between particle characteristics and grain size is determined. The particles are ranked according to their refining potency and compared to a ranking based on their disregistry with austenite.
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