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- Ongena, J., et al.
(författare)
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Recent progress on JET towards the ITER reference mode of operation at high density
- 2001
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 43, s. A11-A30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent progress towards obtaining high density and high confinement in JET as required for the ITER reference scenario at Q = 10 is summarized. Plasmas with simultaneous confinement H-98(y.2) = 1 and densities up to n/n(Gw) similar to 1 are now routinely obtained. This has been possible (i) by using plasmas at high (delta similar to 0.5) and medium (delta similar to 0.3-0.4) triangularity with sufficient heating power to maintain Type I ELMs, (ii) with impurity seeded plasmas at high (delta similar to 0.5) and low (delta less than or equal to 0.2) triangularity, (iii) with an optimized pellet injection sequence, maintaining the energy confinement and raising the density, and (iv) by carefully tuning the gas puff rate leading to plasmas with peaked density profiles and good confinement at long time scales. These high performance discharges exhibit Type I ELMs, with a new and more favourable behaviour observed at high densities, requiring further studies. Techniques for a possible mitigation of these ELMs are discussed, and first promising results are obtained with impurity seeding in discharges at high triangularity. Scaling studies using the new data of this year show a strong dependence of confinement on upper triangularity, density and proximity to the Greenwald limit. Observed MHD instabilities and methods to avoid these in high density and high confinement plasmas are discussed.
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- Coad, J. P., et al.
(författare)
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Erosion/deposition in JET during the period 1999-2001
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 313, s. 419-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coated divertor and wall tiles exposed in JET for the 1999-2001 operations have been used to assess erosion/deposition. Deposited films of up to 90 mum thickness at the inner wall of the divertor tiles are, for the most part, enriched in beryllium and other metals, whilst carbon is probably chemically sputtered from these tiles and transported to shadowed regions of the inner divertor. However, from the composition at the surface of the tiles, it appears that the chemical erosion was 'switched off' by reducing the JET vessel wall temperature for the last part of the operations to 200 degreesC. Thick powdery deposits localised at the ion transport limit at each corner of the divertor may be due to physical sputtering. Erosion of the coatings is seen at the outer divertor wall, and on all the inner wall and outer limiter tiles.
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- Hewett, D., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of a psoriasis susceptibility candidate gene by linkage disequilibrium mapping with a localized single nucleotide polymorphism map
- 2002
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Ingår i: Genomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0888-7543 .- 0888-7543. ; 79:3, s. 305-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Here we describe the creation of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) map spanning 900-1200 kb of chromosome 3q21, which had been previously recognized as containing a psoriasis susceptibility locus, PSORS5. We genotyped 644 individuals, from 195 Swedish psoriatic families, for 19 polymorphisms. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between marker and disease was assessed using the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT). In the TDT analysis, alleles of three of these SNPs showed significant association with disease (P<0.05). A 160-kb interval encompassing these three SNPs was sequenced, and a coding sequence consisting of 13 exons was identified. The predicted protein shares 30-40% homology with the family of cation/chloride cotransporters. A five-marker haplotype spanning the 3' half of this gene is associated with psoriasis to a P value of 3.8<10(-5). We have called this gene SLC12A8, coding for a member of the solute carrier family 12 proteins. It belongs to a class of genes that were previously unrecognized as playing a role in psoriasis pathogenesis.
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- Rubel, Marek J., et al.
(författare)
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Beryllium and carbon films in JET following D-T operation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 313, s. 321-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After the D-T operation (DTE-1 campaign) at JET a large number of limiter and divertor tiles were dismounted from the torus for ex situ examination. The relative distributions of deuterium, tritium, beryllium and carbon are presented and discussed. Significant asymmetry observed in the distribution of erosion and deposition zones indicates preferential flow of the deuterium background plasma and impurities towards the inner divertor leg. The comparison of the beryllium content on the limiter tiles from the main chamber and the content of this element on the inner divertor tiles clearly proves the beryllium erosion from the main chamber wall and its transport to the divertor. However, no beryllium is detected in the shadowed regions of the divertor where the formation of thick and fuel-rich carbon films occurs. This is interpreted in terms of different mechanisms governing the erosion and transport of Be and C. The results allow a conclusion that the operation with a full beryllium wall would lead to a significantly decreased fuel inventory due to removal of the carbon source.
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