| 1. |
- Arup, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Professor Ingvar Kärnfelt - a birthday tribute
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Lichenologist. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0024-2829 .- 1096-1135. ; 41:5, s. 453-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On 19 July 2009 Ingvar Kärnefelt celebrated his 65th birthday. This could have meant that we, his former students, would be celebrating him in his retirement from his position as head of the Biological Museums at Lund University. We are grateful that this is not the case, as Ingvar will carry on, probably for at least one or two more years. Instead, we celebrate Ingvar because he is the main reason for all of us having studied lichenology in Lund. This special issue of The Lichenologist is dedicated to him as a birthday tribute in honour of his long and fruitful lichenological career. The main authors of all the papers in this issue are former students of Ingvar. For several of us he has not only acted as supervisor but later also as the director of the Botanical Museum where we meet him in our daily work.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Arup, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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The sister group relation of Parmeliaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Mycologia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0027-5514 .- 1557-2536. ; 99:1, s. 42-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The family Parmeliaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) is possibly the largest, best known and most thoroughly studied lichen family within its order. Despite this fact the relationship between Parmeliaceae and other groups in Lecanorales is still poorly known. The aim of the present study is to contribute to finding the sister group of Parmeliaceae as an aid in future studies on the phylogeny and character evolution of the group. We do this by sampling all potential relatives to the Parmeliaceae that we have identified, i.e. Cypsoplaca, Japewia, Mycoblastus, Protoparmelia, and Tephromela, a good representation of the major groups within the Parmeliaceae s. lat. and a good representation of other taxa in the core Lecanorales. We use molecular data from two genes, the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU) and the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene (mrSSU), and a Bayesian analysis of the combined data. The results show that the closest relatives to Parmeliaceae are the two genera Protoparmelia and Gypsoplaca, which are crustose lichens. Parmeliaceae in our sense is a well supported group, including also the family segregates Alectoriaceae, Hypogymniaceae, Usneaceae and Anziaceae.
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| 4. |
- Crespo, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Testing morphology-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear RPB1 gene
- 2007
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 44:2, s. 812-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parmeliaceae is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi with more than 2000 species and includes taxa with different growth forms. Morphology was widely employed to distinguish groups within this large, cosmopolitan family. In this study we test these morphology-based groupings using DNA sequence data from three nuclear and one mitochondrial marker from 1.20 taxa that include 59 genera and represent the morphological and chemical diversity in this lineage. Parmeliaceae is strongly supported as monophyletic and six well-supported main clades can be distinguished within the family. The relationships among them remain unresolved. The clades largely agree with the morphology-based groupings and only the placement of four of the genera studied is rejected by molecular data, while four other genera belong to clades previously unrecognised. The classification of these previously misplaced genera, however, has already been questioned by some authors based on morphological evidence. These results support morphological characters as important for the identification of monophyletic clades within Parmeliaceae.
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| 5. |
- Lättman, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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At what age becomes Cliostomum corrugatum adult?
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective was to investigate at what the age specimen of Cliostomum corrugatum become fertile in order to estimate the time span between the meiosis events. The species has its main distribution in Europe but has also been found on the west coast of British Columbia and is red listed, e.g., in Sweden (nearly threatened), Denmark, Germany and England. In the province of Östergötland, southern Sweden it is most frequent on old Quercus robur trees in open oak forest or meadows. I may also be found on other deciduous trees as Ulmus and Fraxinus species. It is mainly groving on the flat terminal parts of the rough bark of the tree trunks and not on the sides of the cracks. Cliostomum corrugatum does not grow on young oak trees. The smallest tree trunk diameter with Cliostomum corrugatum was is 0.65 m, a tree of at least 100 years of age. On two localities in Östergötland all oaks were studied and the size of the trees and the size of the largest thallus of Cliostomum corrugatum were recorded. Out of this data the size of how small a tree can possibly be for hosting Cliostomum corrugatum. This estimate was compared with the size of the smallest thalli with apothecia and the size of trees on which these appeared. With knowledge of the peripheral secondary growth of oaks it was possible to estimate the age of the youngest fertile Cliostomum corrugatum to about 30 years. Thus, equal to the time span between two meiosis events.
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| 6. |
- Lättman, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the distributions of epiphytic lichens in southern Sweden using a new statistical method
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 27:5, s. 413-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Past studies on changes in species distribution have mainly been based on analysis of range boundaries. In contrast, the method used here evaluates shifts in species geographic centroids within a predefined area. We used presence/absence data on epiphytic lichens collected 1986 and 2003 from 64 sites in southern Sweden. A centroid was calculated each year, for each lichen species and substrate. The distance of centroid movement was evaluated in a permutation procedure. In total, 56 lichen species on 22 tree species were involved in the analyses, yielding 30 cases that had sufficient sample sizes both years to be evaluated. Out of these, three exhibited a significant movement of their centroid. The shift of lichen centroids of Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. and Vulpicida pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson andamp; M. J. Lai on the tree species Juniperus communis L. was 50 and 151 km with the direction 27 degrees and 48 degrees, respectively. For Hypogymnia physodes on Pinus sylvestris L., corresponding values were 41 km and 30 degrees. The northnortheast shifts of these species in Sweden could be a response to a warming climate.
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| 7. |
- Lättman, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the dispersal capacity of the rare lichen Cliostomum corrugatum
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 142:8, s. 1870-1878
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to estimate the dispersal rate in an organism assumed to be confined totree stands with unbroken continuity. We used the lichen-forming ascomycete Cliostomum corrugatum,which is largely confined to old oak stands. Five populations, with pairwise distances ranging from 6.5to 83 km, were sampled in Östergötland, south-eastern Sweden. DNA sequence data from an intron inthe small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene was obtained from 85 samples. Nearly all molecular variance(99.6%) was found within populations and there were no signs of isolation-by-distance. The absolutenumber of immigrants per population per generation (estimated to 30 years), inferred by BayesianMCMC, was found to be between 1 and 5. Altogether, evidence suggests abundant gene flow in the historyof our sample. A simulation procedure demonstrated that we cannot know whether effective dispersal isongoing or if it ceased at the time when oaks started to decrease dramatically around 400 years BP. However,a scenario where effective dispersal ceased already at the time when the postglacial reinvasion ofoak had reached the region around 6000 years BP is unlikely. Vegetation history suggests that the habitatof C. corrugatum was patchily distributed in the landscape since the early Holocene. Combined with thehigh dispersal rate estimate, this suggests that the species has been successful at frequently crossing distancesof at least several kilometres and possibly that it has primarily been limited by the availability ofhabitat rather than by dispersal.
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| 8. |
- Lättman, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Generation time estimated to be 25-30 years in Cliostomum cossugatum (Ach.) Fr.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Lichenologist. - : Britich Lichen Society. - 0024-2829 .- 1096-1135. ; 41:5, s. 557-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Knowledge of spore to spore generation time is extremely important for several reasons. As it is the shortest generation time, it indicates the maximum nucleotide substitution rate over time and provides a rate limit for the evolution of a species. In population genetics most calculations involving time use ‘generations’ as the unit of measurement and in order to convert these ‘generations’ into ‘years’, knowledge of generation time is needed but rarely available. Knowledge of generation time may also be essential for conservation purposes and assessments of migration history. This knowledge also makes it possible to estimate both the age of a population and also to determine to what extent a population represents the genetic diversity of a species (Rosenberg & Nordborg 2002). In this paper we present a method for assessing generation length for lichens using Cliostomum corrugatum (Ach.) Fr. as an example. This lichen was selected for investigation because it is restricted to forests with long temporal continuity (Lättman et al. 2009) and information on generation time is essential to estimate the rate of dispersal at the landscape level.
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| 9. |
- Lättman, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation in the SSU intron and the dispersal and migration history in Sweden of Cliostomum corrugatum
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim with this study is to determine genetic variation, dispersal potential and the migration history to Sweden since the last glaciation of the rare lichen Cliostomum corrugatum, a crustose epiphytic lichen with a grey greenish thallus,conspicuous light yellow to light brown apothecia and black pycnidia. Collections were made in January and February in 2005 at five sites in Östergötland, Sweden. The most frequent common habitat for Cliostomum corrugatumis on Quercus and sometimes also on other deciduous trees for example Ulmus and Fraxinus. On the tree trunk it is the rough bark it prefers and the flat terminal parts of the bark structure and not on the sides of the cracks. The main distribution of Cliostomum corrugatum is in Europe but a satellite population has been found on the west coast of North American in British Columbia. It is red listed in Sweden, with the status near threatened. Three sequences SSUintron, IGS and ITS were studied and the two latter appear to lack genetic variation. A total of 85 sequences with a length of 614 base pairs were studied of a rRNA SSU intron. Eleven haplotypes were detected, two was common 46 and 30 in numbers respectively and was present on all five localities the other nine were detected only once each. The two common haplotypes are in the centre of a rooted net work and the rare in the periphery. Cliostomum corrugatum does not seem to have problem with its dispersal. The limiting factor seems to be the occurrence big oaks. In the studied area the smallest tree trunk diameter that Cliostomum corrugatum was found on is 0,65 metre. The tree with the largest diameter in the research area is 1,65 metre. A tree that is 0,65 metre in diameter is at least 100 years old. Oaks of this age are scarce and this is one of the reasons for the rareness of Cliostomum corrugatum. When Cliostomum corrugatum colonized Sweden after the last ice age, all eleven haplotypes may already have existed. However, it is possible, that some haplotypes evolved after the migration to Östergötland.
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