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- Hoogewijs, D., et al.
(författare)
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From critters to cancers: bridging comparative and clinical research on oxygen sensing, HIF signaling, and adaptations towards hypoxia
- 2007
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Ingår i: Integrative and Comparative Biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1557-7023 .- 1540-7063. ; 47:4, s. 552-577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this symposium at the First International Congress of Respiratory Biology (ICRB) was to enhance communication between comparative biologists and cancer researchers working on O-2 sensing via the HIF pathway. Representatives from both camps came together on August 13-16, 2006, in Bonn, Germany, to discuss molecular adaptations that occur after cells have been challenged by a reduced (hypoxia) or completely absent (anoxia) supply of oxygen. This brief "critters-to-cancer" survey discusses current projects and new directions aimed at improving understanding of hypoxic signaling and developing therapeutic interventions.
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- Avdonin, S, et al.
(författare)
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Iterative methods for solving a nonlinear boundary inverse problem in glaciology
- 2009
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF INVERSE AND ILL-POSED PROBLEMS. - 0928-0219. ; 17:3, s. 239-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We address a Cauchy problem for a nonlinear elliptic PDE arising in glaciology. After recasting the Cauchy problem as an ill-posed operator equation, we prove (for values of a certain parameter allowing Hilbert space techniques) differentiability properties of the associated operator. We also suggest iterative methods which can be applied to solve the operator problem.
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- Bannatyne, B A, et al.
(författare)
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Excitatory and inhibitory intermediate zone interneurons in pathways from feline group I and II afferents: differences in axonal projections and input.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of physiology. - : Wiley. - 1469-7793 .- 0022-3751. ; 587:Pt 2, s. 379-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to compare properties of excitatory and inhibitory spinal intermediate zone interneurons in pathways from group I and II muscle afferents in the cat. Interneurons were labelled intracellularly and their transmitter phenotypes were defined by using immunocytochemistry. In total 14 glutamatergic, 22 glycinergic and 2 GABAergic/glycinergic interneurons were retrieved. All interneurons were located in laminae V-VII of the L3-L7 segments. No consistent differences were found in the location, the soma sizes or the extent of the dendritic trees of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons. However, major differences were found in their axonal projections; excitatory interneurons projected either ipsilaterally, bilaterally or contralaterally, while inhibitory interneurons projected exclusively ipsilaterally. Terminal projections of glycinergic and glutamatergic cells were found within motor nuclei as well as other regions of the grey matter which include the intermediate region, laminae VII and VIII. Cells containing GABA/glycine had more restricted projections, principally within the intermediate zone where they formed appositions with glutamatergic axon terminals and unidentified cells and therefore are likely to be involved in presynaptic as well as postsynaptic inhibition. The majority of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons were found to be coexcited by group I and II afferents (monosynaptically) and by reticulospinal neurons (mono- or disynaptically) and to integrate information from several muscles. Taken together the morphological and electrophysiological data show that individual excitatory and inhibitory intermediate zone interneurons may operate in a highly differentiated way and thereby contribute to a variety of motor synergies.
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- Dare, Emma V., et al.
(författare)
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Genipin Cross-Linked Fibrin Hydrogels for in vitro Human Articular Cartilage Tissue-Engineered Regeneration
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cells Tissues Organs. - : Karger. - 1422-6405 .- 1422-6421. ; 190:6, s. 313-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our objective was to examine the potential of a genipin cross-linked human fibrin hydrogel system as a scaffold for articular cartilage tissue engineering. Human articular chondrocytes were incorporated into modified human fibrin gels and evaluated for mechanical properties, cell viability, gene expression, extracellular matrix production and subcutaneous biodegradation. Genipin, a naturally occurring compound used in the treatment of inflammation, was used as a cross-linker. Genipin cross-linking did not significantly affect cell viability, but significantly increased the dynamic compression and shear moduli of the hydrogel. The ratio of the change in collagen II versus collagen I expression increased more than 8-fold over 5 weeks as detected with real-time RT-PCR. Accumulation of collagen II and aggrecan in hydrogel extracellular matrix was observed after 5 weeks in cell culture. Overall, our results indicate that genipin appeared to inhibit the inflammatory reaction observed 3 weeks after subcutaneous implantation of the fibrin into rats. Therefore, genipin cross-linked fibrin hydrogels can be used as cell-compatible tissue engineering scaffolds for articular cartilage regeneration, for utility in autologous treatments that eliminate the risk of tissue rejection and viral infection.
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- Jankowska, Elzbieta, et al.
(författare)
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Commissural interneurons with input from group I and II muscle afferents in feline lumbar segments: neurotransmitters, projections and target cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of physiology. - : Wiley. - 1469-7793 .- 0022-3751. ; 587:Pt 2, s. 401-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to analyse neurotransmitter content, projection areas and target cells of commissural interneurons with input from group I and/or II muscle afferents in lumbar segments in the cat. Axonal projections of 15 intracellularly labelled commissural interneurons were reconstructed. Ten interneurons (nine located in laminae VI-VII, one in lamina VIII) were glutamatergic; only one interneuron (located in lamina VIII) was glycinergic. Contralateral terminal projections were found both in motor nuclei and within laminae VI-VIII. In order to identify target cells of commissural interneurons, effects of stimulation of contralateral group I and II muscle afferents were investigated on interneurons within these laminae. Three tests were used: intracellular records from individual interneurons, modulation of probability of activation of extracellularly recorded interneurons and modulation of their actions on motoneurons using disynaptic PSPs evoked in motoneurons as a measure. All these tests revealed much more frequent and/or stronger excitatory actions of contralateral afferents. The results indicate that commissural interneurons with input from contralateral group I and II afferents target premotor interneurons in disynaptic pathways from ipsilateral group I and II afferents and that excitatory disynaptic actions of contralateral afferents on these interneurons are mediated primarily by intermediate zone commissural interneurons. A second group of commissural interneurons activated by reticulospinal neurons, previously described, frequently had similar, but occasionally opposing, actions to the cells described here, thus indicating that these two subpopulations may act on the same premotor interneurons and either mutually enhance or counteract each other's actions.
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| 10. |
- Jankowska, Elzbieta, et al.
(författare)
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On coupling and decoupling of spinal interneuronal networks.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Archives italiennes de biologie. - 0003-9829. ; 145:3-4, s. 235-50
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review addresses the question of interrelations between spinal interneuronal networks. On the basis of electrophysiological, pharmacological, morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of interneurones mediating various reflex actions from muscle receptors and of reticulospinal neurones a considerable degree of interweaving between networks of these neurones has been established. The coupling has been found to occur at the level of several sites of these networks but the review focuses on two of these sites. The first is between dorsal horn interneurones with group II input and their target ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting intermediate zone and commissural interneurones. The second is between commissural interneurones with input from reticulospinal neurones and their target interneurones. Several ways of both strengthening and weakening of coupling between various interneuronal networks are also briefly reviewed.
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